Contents 23.1 Market demands 555 23.1.1 Size and physical constraints 555 23.1.2 Weight 555 23.1.3 Cost 555 23.1.4 Durability and reliability 555 23.1.5 Performance 555 23.1.6 Fuel economy 555 23.1.7 Gaseous and noise emissions 556 23.1.8 Electronics 556 23.1.9 Product support 556 23.2 Starting point 556 23.2.1 Cylinder block and head 556 23.3 Cylinder kit components 557 23.3.1 Pistons 557 23.3.2 Piston rings 558 23.3.3 Cylinder liner 558 23.4 Connecting rod assembly 559 23.4.1 Connecting rods and bearing caps 559 23.4.2 Piston pin bearings and connecting rod-to-crankshaft bearings 559 23.5 Crankshaft assembly 559 23.5.1 Crankshaft 559 23.5.2 Crankshaft oil seals 560 23.5.3 Crankshaft main bearings 560 23.5.4 Crankshaft pulley 560 23.5.5 Crankshaft vibration damper 561 23.6 Camshaft assembly 561 23.6.1 Camshaft 561 23.6.2 Camshaft bearings and caps 561 23.6.3 Camshaft drive gear 561 23.7 Overhead components 561 23.7.1 Valve train assembly 562 23.7.2 Rocker assemblies 563 23.7.3 Rocker cover assembly 563 23.7.4 Engine retarders 563 23.8 Flywheel 564 23.9 Flywheel housing 565 23.10 Geartrain 565 23.11 Gear case and cover 566 23.12 Electronic control system 566 23.12.1 ECM 566 23.12.2 Sensors 568 23.12.3 Interconnections and wiring 569 23.12.4 Communications 569 23.13 Fuel injection system 570 23.13.1 Electronic fuel injection devices 570 23.13.2 Fuel (transfer) pump 572 23.13.3 Fuel lines 572 23.13.4 Fuel filters 572 23.13.5 Fuel heaters and coolers 572 23.13.6 Fuel and water separators 572 23.14 Air system 572 23.14.1 Turbocharger 573 23.14.2 Charge cooler 575 23.14.3 Intake and exhaust manifolds 576 23.15 Lubrication system 576 23.15.1 Oil pump 576 23.15.2 Regulator 577 23.15.3 Relief valve 577 23.15.4 Filters 577 23.15.5 Oil cooler 577 23.15.6 Dipstick 577 23.15.7 Oil pan 577 23.15.8 Crankcase ventilation 577 23.15.9 Oil quality 578 23.16 Coolant system 578 23.16.1 Coolant 578 23.16.2 Coolant filter and conditioner 578 23.16.3 Water pump 578 23.16.4 Thermostats 579 23.17 Typical engines 579 23.17.1 Product overview 579 21761_23a