Tài liệu Tổng hợp vật liệu nano

1. Introduction 1
Bibliography 8
2. Controlled Growth of Nanowires and Nanobelts 11
2.1 Introduction . 13
2.2 Oxides nanowires and nanobelts 14
2.2.1. ZnO 14
2.2.2. SnO2 . 19
2.2.3. In2O3 . 23
2.2.4. MgO . 26
2.2.4.1. Controlled growth of MgO nanostructures 27
2.2.4.2. Direct observation of the growth process of
MgO nanoflowers . 29
2.2.5. Al2O3 . 32
2.3 Sulfides nanowires and nanobelts 37
2.3.1. ZnS 37
2.3.2. CdS 42
2.4 Doping of nanowires and nanobelts 47
2.4.1. S-doped ZnO nanowires . 47
2.4.2. Ce-doped ZnO nanostructures . 48
2.4.3. Sn-doped ZnO nanobelts . 51
2.4.4. Mn-doped ZnS nanobelts 53
Bibliography 56
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vi Contents
3. Design and Synthesis of One-Dimensional Heterostructures 67
3.1 Introduction . 69
3.2 Synthesis of one-dimensional heterostructures 70
3.2.1. Coaxial core/shell structure (nanocable) and biaxial
nanowires 70
3.2.2. Heterojunction and superlattice nanowire
structure . 77
3.2.3. Complex branch structure (hierarchical structure) . 82
3.3 Concluding remarks 96
Bibliography 97
4. Quasi-Zero Dimensional Nanoarrays 101
4.1 Synthesis of two-dimensional colloid crystals 103
4.1.1. Drop coating 105
4.1.2. Spin-coating . 107
4.1.3. Perpendicular withdrawing . 108
4.2 Ordered nanoarrays based on two-dimensional colloidal
crystal templates 110
4.2.1. Ordered pore arrays 112
4.2.1.1. ZnO-ordered pore arrays based on
electro-deposition and colloidal
monolayers . 112
4.2.1.2. Au-ordered through-pore arrays based
on electro-deposition and colloidal
monolayers . 120
4.2.1.3. SnO2 mono- and multi-layered nanostructured
porous films based on solution-dipping
templates . 128
4.2.1.4. Fe2O3-ordered pore arrays based on
solution-dipping templates and colloidal
monolayer 133
4.2.1.5. In2O3-ordered pore arrays based on
solution-dipping templates and colloidal
monolayers . 141
4.2.2. Two-dimensional ordered polymer hollow sphere
and convex structure arrays based on monolayer
pore films 147
4.2.3. Au nanoparticle arrays 153
Bibliography 159
Contents vii
5. Nanoarray Synthesis and Characterization based on
Alumina Templates 165
5.1 Preparation techniques of ordered channel AAM (anodization
alumina membrane) templates 167
5.1.1. Preparation of ordered channel AAM templates 168
5.1.2. Structure and characterization of ordered channel
AAM templates 170
5.1.3. Exploration of ordered channel formation
mechanism . 171
5.2 Synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoarrays . 174
5.2.1. Ordered nanoarrays of elements 175
5.2.1.1. Ordered nanoarrays of metal nanowires and
nanotubes (Pb, Ag, Cu, Au) 175
5.2.1.2. Ordered nanoarrays of semimetal nanowires
and nanotubes 192
5.2.1.3. Ordered nanoarrays of Sb nanowires and
nanotubes 206
5.2.1.4. Ordered nanoarrays of semiconductor
nanowires and nanotubes . 210
5.2.1.5. Ordered nanoarrays of carbon nanotubes . 214
5.2.2. Ordered nanoarrays of binary compound
nanowires 226
5.2.2.1. Ordered nanoarrays of alloy nanowires 226
5.2.2.2. Ordered nanoarrays of oxide nanowires and
nanotubes 232
5.2.2.3. Ordered nanoarrays of sulphide, selenide,
telluride and ionide nanowires . 247
5.2.3. Ordered nanoarrays of ternary compound
nanowires 268
5.2.3.1. Co-Ni-P alloy nanoarrays . 268
5.2.3.2. Ni-W-P alloy nanowire arrays 271
Bibliography 275
6. Controlled Growth of Carbon Nanotubes 287
6.1 Introduction . 289
6.2 Preparation, morphologies and structures of Small diameter
carbon nantubes (CNTs) 291
6.2.1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) 292
6.2.2. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) 295
6.2.3. Discussion and analysis . 295
viii Contents
6.3 Very long carbon nanotubes and continuous carbon nanotube
yarns (fibers) . 300
6.3.1. Very long carbon nanotubes . 301
6.3.2. Spinning continuous carbon nanotube
yarns (fibers) 304
6.4 Controlled synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes 306
6.4.1. Preparation of pure single-walled carbon
nanotubes 307
6.4.2. Direct synthesis of a macroscale single-walled carbon
nanotubes non-woven material . 312
6.4.3. Synthesis of random networks of single-walled carbon
nanotubes 316
6.5 Synthesis of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) 319
Bibliography 323
7. Synthesis of Inorganic Non-carbon Nanotubes 327
7.1 Introduction . 329
7.2 Synthesis of inorganic nanotubes 330
7.2.1. Inorganic nanotubes based on two-dimensional
structures 331
7.2.1.1. Inorganic nanotubes based on graphite
(carbon nanotubes) . 331
7.2.1.2. Inorganic nanotubes based on transition
metal chalcogenides and halides 331
7.2.1.3. Inorganic nanotubes based on boron nitride
and the derivatives . 339
7.2.1.4. Inorganic nanotubes based on rare earth
and transition metal oxides and their
derivatives 340
7.2.2. Inorganic nanotubes based on quasi-two-dimensional
structures 342
7.2.3. Inorganic nanotubes based on three-dimensional
structures 350
7.2.4. Formation mechanisms of inorganic nanotubes . 355
7.3 Concluding remarks 360
Bibliography 360
Contents ix
8. Novel Properties of Nanomaterials 367
8.1 Introduction . 369
8.2 Polarization characteristics of metal nanowire microarrays
embedded in anodic alumina membrane templates . 369
8.2.1. Introduction . 369
8.2.2. Optical measurement . 370
8.2.3. Polarization characteristics . 371
8.2.3.1. Cu/AAM . 371
8.2.3.2. Ag/AAM . 374
8.2.3.3. Pb/AAM . 375
8.2.4. Theoretical calculation 376
8.2.4.1. Theory model 377
8.2.4.2. Numerical simulation . 380
8.2.5. Conclusion . 388
8.3 Electronic and magnetic properties of Bi-based nanowire
arrays . 388
8.3.1. Bi nanowire arrays . 389
8.3.2. Bi-Bi homogeneous nanowire junction 391
8.3.3. Y-segment Bi nanowire array 392
8.3.4. Bi-Sb segment nanowire junction 394
8.4 Thermal expansion properties of nanowire arrays 395
8.4.1. AgI nanowire arrays . 395
8.4.2. Bi nanowire arrays . 398
8.4.3. Cu nanowire arrays 401
Bibliography 403
9. Applications 407
9.1 Introduction . 409
9.2 Sensors 409
9.2.1. SnO2 gas sensors 409
9.2.2. Biosensors 420
9.2.2.1. Nanodevices for electrical detection of single
viruses 420
9.2.2.2. Nanoelectromechanical devices for detection
of viruses . 426
9.2.2.3. Biological magnetic sensors . 431
9.2.2.4. Biotin-modified Si nanowire nanosensors for
detection of protein binding . 435
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9.2.2.5. Bio-conjugated nanoparticles for rapid
detection of single bacterial cell . 438
9.2.2.6. Near-infrared optical sensors based on
single-walled carbon nanotubes . 440
9.2.3. Chemical sensors . 442
9.3 Field emission of carbon nanotubes and its application 445
9.4 Light polarization 448
9.5 Light-bulb filaments made of carbon nanotube yarns 453
9.6 Electronic and optoelectronic nanoscale devices . 453
Bibliography 457
Index 463