Chuyên Đề Thực Hành Điện Tử Nâng Cao 589 Page

100V line transformer, 55
4000 series, 271
555 timer, 193
64-bit ROM, 290
741 op-amp, 165
ABE, 315
AC analysis, circuit, 456, 461
AC thyristor circuit, 157
access speed, memory, 290
active components, 1
active filter, 185, 204
active life, cell, 86
ADC to PC connection, 363
ADC, 351
address bus, 315
address bus enable (ABE), 315
adjustable regulator, 191
AF ICs, 176
air-gap, transformer, 54
Alan Winstanley guide, 511
algorithm, 307
aliasing, ADC, 356
alkaline cell, 92
aluminium solder, 511
AM/FM radio IC, 226
ambient temperature, 17, 149
ampere unit, 2
amplified-Zener circuit, 236
amplitude and phase tables, 44
amplitude-phase tables,
inductor, 69
amplitude modulation, 230
analogue system, 343
analogue-to-digital converter
(ADC), 351
analysis, circuit, 456
anode, 87
anti-aliasing filter, 357
aperiodic oscillator, 223
applications, microcontroller, 399
architectures, computer, 311
arcing, 494
ARM processor, 320
ASCII, 384
assembly language, 319
astable multivibrator, 223
astable pulse generator, 195
asynchronous circuit, 277
asynchronous RS-232C, 383
attenuation, RF cable, 484
audio amplifier circuits, 178
audio circuit, discrete, 202
audio connector, 487
audio frequency signalling, 391
audio output, 207
Autofeed signal, 374
automatic soldering, 2
autotransformer, 51, 61
avalanche breakdown, 114
back-EMF, 47
backup power supply, 101
Baker clamp, 152
band-gap circuit, 115
558 Index
bandpass filter, digital, 434
base, 122
base-band signalling, 391
base, MOSFET, 141
battery, 83
battery backup, memory, 290
battery, connections, 85
baud rate, 384
Baxandall tone control, 204
bias, linear, 128
bias, op-amp, 167
binary levels, 265
binary stored program computer,
308
binary to hex, microcontroller, 422
binary weighted resistor, DAC, 345
binary, octal, hex table, 276
BIOS, 318
bipolar, 125
bipolar junction transistor (BJT),
122
bipolar phototransistor, 138
bistable, 224
bit, 308
bitstream converter (ADC), 360
bit weighting, DAC, 344
BJT, 122
Bletchley Park, 308
block diagram, SMPS, 238
BNC connector, 483
board sizes, PCB, 507
Bode plot, 147
Boolean algebra, 265
bootstrapping (booting), 318
bridge circuit, thermometer, 258
brown-out circuit, microcontroller,
406
BS 1852 coding, 12
Buck converter, 237
bus, circuit design, 450
bus connections, 314
bus driver, 369
bus timing, I2C bus, 418
Butler oscillator, 220
byte, 276, 308
C programming language, 320
cabinet, 496
cable groups, 485
cable length, serial link, 387
cable, RF, 483
cadmium-sulphide cell, 252
calculations, inductance, 64
capacitance, 29
capacitance, motional, 76
capacitor microphone, 262
carbon composition resistor, 7
carbon film resistor, 8
carbon-zinc cell, 89
carrier suppression, 230
cascode, 198
case, 496
cassette recorder input, 202
cathode, 87
cathode, cell, 83
central processing unit (CPU), 309
Centronics connector, 490
Centronics interface, 371
ceramic resonator, 80
ceramic tubular capacitor, 32
characteristics, diode, 112
characteristics, ORP12, 253
charge, 29
charge and discharge, 41
charge distribution, DAC, 348
charge stored, 39
charging circuit, Li-ion cell, 107
charging circuit, NiCd cell, 106
charging lead-acid cell, 102
chemical cell, 83
Index 559
chopped DC, 238
circuit, 1
circuit, constructing, 501
circuit magnification factor (Q), 71
circuit, op-amp bias, 168
circuit, regulator, 191
Class A, 207
Class B, 208
Class C, 229
class, crystal oscillator circuit, 217
Class D, 211
clear (reset) input, 282
clock frequency, computer, 309
clock source, 285
clock, microcontroller, 401
closed-loop gain, 145
CMMR, 199
CMOS logic, 271
coding, ceramic capacitor, 33
coding, diode and transistor, 160
coding, resistance value, 2
coding, SM components, 14
coefficient of coupling, 75
cold-junction compensation, 257
collector, 124
collet-fitting, 492
colour band coding, 12
colour code, resistor, 13
colour, LED, 117
Colpitts oscillator, 216
combination logic, 274
common anode LED display, 328
common base connection, 126
common cathode LED display, 328
common-collector connection, 127
common-mode rejection ratio
(CMMR), 199
common-mode signal, 199
compass, 246
complementary Darlington, 197
complex instruction set computer
(CISC), 312
complex PLD, 299
compound semiconductor, 116
computer aids, circuit design, 439
computer connectors, 490
computer mouse, 250
computer, original meaning, 307
conditional branching, 309
conductivity, 5
configuration, microcontroller, 401
connection, switch, 495
connections, battery, 85
connections, circuit, 446
conservation of energy, 20
constant-current charging, 105
constructing circuit, 501
construction, capacitor, 31
contact bounce, 338
contact, switch, 493
continuous functions, 343
control knob, 492
controlling device, 376
core saturation, transformer, 57
core, transformer, 52
counter timer, microcontroller, 410
coupled tuned circuits, 73
CPU, 309
CR circuits, 45
CRC, 385
critical coupling, 75
cross-probing, 467
crystal oscillator, 217
crystal oscillator, microprocessor,
324
crystal oven, 219
current differencing amplifier, 176
current mirror, 200
current source, ideal, 200
560 Index
D type flip-flop, 278
DAB radio IC, 227
DAC, 344
damp-heat change, resistor, 15
damping, 72
dark current, 254
Darlington pair, 139
data converter, 343
data integrity check, 385
data retention, PROM, 292
data selector, 275
data transfer, 369
DC analysis, circuit, 456, 457
DC motor control microprocessor,
337
DCE, 380
De Morgan’s theorem, 274
decoder, 275
deep discharge, lead-acid cell, 103
demultiplexer, 275
depletion mode, 140, 143
depolarizer, 84, 89
derated resistor, 17
derating, capacitor, 38
design process, 439
design rule checking, PCB, 475
design rules, PCB layout, 472
design tools, DSP, 437
desktop routing machine, 477
desoldering, 512
desoldering, IC, 499
desoldering pump, 513
detectivity, 243
deterministic logic system, 265
developing microprocessor
hardware, 322
diac, 158
dielectric constant, 30
differential amplifier, op-amp, 169
differential non-linearity (DNL),
354
digital logic, 265
digital multimeter, 519
digital potentiometer, 345
digital signal processing, 425
digital system, 343
digital transistor, 122, 150
digital-to-analogue converter
(DAC), 344
DIMM, 499
DIN connector, 488
diode, 111
diode-transistor logic (DTL), 269
direct memory access (DMA), 315
discriminator, 230
display devices, 327
display driver IC, 329
dissipation, 17
dissipation, crystal, 78
distortion, 129
divide-and-conquer, 529
DMA, 315
dot matrix display, 330
dot matrix LCD, 333
drain, 140
drive current, LCD, 333
dry Leclanché cell, 91
DTCXO circuit, 219
DTE, 380
DTL, 269
dual-slope ADC, 361
dynamic memory, 294
dynamic resistance, 72
dynamic resistance, diode, 114
E and I cores, 52
earth-leakage contact breaker
(ELCB), 527
ECL, 273
Index 561
edge detecting high-pass filter, 430
edge-trigger, 279
EEPROM, 291
E-figure, tolerance, 10
EIA/TIA 232, 379
ELCB, 527
electret microphone, 263
electrolytic capacitor, 34
electromagnetic compatibility, 325
electrostatic damage, MOSFET,
143
electrostatic screen, transformer, 52
embedded applications, 327
emitter, 124
emitter-coupled logic, 273
energy, 18
energy content, cell, 86
energy conversion, 243
enhancement mode, 143
equipment, soldering, 509
error detection and correction, 396
error detection, dynamic RAM,
296
ESR, capacitor, 35
ESR, crystal, 77
Ethernet connector, 490
failure, 529
failure, carbon-zinc cell, 91
family, logic, 269
fanout, gate, 273
Faraday’s laws, 48
feedback, 144
FGPA, 300
field programmable gate array
(FPGA), 300
field-effect transistor, 139
filament lamp, 255
filter calculations, website, 207
finite impulse response (FIR) filter,
431
FIR, 431
Firewire (IEEE 1394) connector,
490
fixed reset address, 317
flag bit, 310
flameproof switch, 495
flash converter (ADC), 351, 355
flexible PCB, 498
floating-gate FET, 292
fluxgate magnetometer, 247
FM, 230
FM demodulator, 230
FM receiver IC, 180
forward current transfer ratio, 125
forward resistance, 111, 113
four-layer diode, 158
four-pin regulator, 192
four-terminal supply, 518
FR core, 63
frequency compensation, 214
frequency multiplier, 227
frequency range, op-amp, 171
frequency-shift keying (FSK), 232,
393
FSK, 232, 393
fuel cell, 84
fusible link memory, 290
gain and bandwidth, op-amp, 165
gain error (ADC), 354
garbage in garbage out (GIGO),
439
gas torch, soldering, 509
gate, 140
gating, analogue, 153
GB product, op-amp, 166
General Purpose Interface Bus,
(GPIB), 376
562 Index
George Boole, 265
Gerber data files, 476
germanium diode, 112
giant magnetoresistance, 248
Gibbs effect, DSP, 434
GIGO, 439
grading ceramic capacitor, 32
Grey code, 250
grid-based PCB design, 472
grub-screw fastening, 492
half-adder, 274
Hall effect, 247
Hamming code, 385
handling components, 497
handling, MOSFET, 143
handshaking, 370
hardware, 481
hardware description language
(HDL), 301
hardware handshaking, RS-232,
387
harmonics, 77
Hartley oscillator, 216
Harvard architecture, 312
heat, 255
heat dissipation, 500
heatsink, 148
Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus
(HPIB), 376
hfe, 125
high-pass filter, digital, 426
high-speed CMOS, 271
holder capacitance, crystal, 78
Hooke’s law, 243
hysteresis in circuit, 226
I/O ports, microcontroller, 407
I2C bus, microcontroller, 414
IC wideband amplifier, 215
IDC connector, 491
IEEE 1394 connector, 490
IEEE-488 bus, 374
IF/detector, 179
impedance and phase angle tables,
70
induced EMF, 47
inductance, 48
inductance calculations, 64
inductance, motional, 76
inductive reactance, 68
inductor, 47
industry standards, hardware, 482
infinite impulse response (IIR)
filter, 434
Infra-Red Data Association
(IRDA), 390
infra-red link, 390
input resistance, transistor, 133
input threshold, gate, 272
inserting ICs, 498
instruction pointer (IP), 309
integrated peripherals,
microcontroller, 410
interfacing, microprocessor, 327
internal circuit, op-amp, 164
internal RC oscillator,
microcontroller, 402
internal resistance, cell, 86
internal resistance, power supply,
234
interrupt, 310
interrupt generation,
microcontroller, 409
interrupt, microcontroller, 419
intrinsic standoff ratio, 154
ionization gauge, 246
IP, 309
isolation, transformer, 54
Index 563
jack, 487
Jacquard punched card, 307
Japanese transistor coding, 161
jelly electrolyte, 100
JFET, 140
J-K flip-flop, 278
JUGFET, 140
jump, 310
junction diode, 111
junction FET, 140
keypad, 339
Kirchoff ’s laws, 20
laboratory power supply, 518
last-in first-out (LIFO) memory,
311
latch-up, 555-timer, 196
LCD, 332
LCR circuit, 68
LCR meter, 522
LDO regulator, 189
LDR, 252
lead-acid cell, 99
lead-free solders, 510
leakage inductance, 53, 64
leakproof cell, 92
Leclanché cell, 84, 89
LED, 116, 255
LED display, 327
LED materials, 118
Lenz’s law, 47
level shifter, 340
level-trigger, 279
libraries, schematics, 441
LIFO, 311
light, 251
light-dependent resistor (LDR),
252
light-emitting diode display, 327
light-emitting diode, 255
line length, parallel transfer, 370
linear bias, 128
linear circuits, 197
linear IC, 163
linear power supply, 233
linear regulation, 235
linear variable differential
transformer, 249
liquid crystal display (LCD), 332
listening device, 376
lithium cell, 83, 95
lithium-ion cell, 107
load line, 135
local action, 88
logic gates, 265
long-tailed pair, 199
look-up tables, hardware, 303
looping, 310
loose coupling, 73
loss factor, capacitor, 35
low-pass filter, digital, 426
low-power Schottky TTL, 269
low-voltage connector, 482
LVDT, 249
macros, 319
magnetizing current, transformer,
58
mains isolation transformer, 61
mains plug, 481
mains transformer, 57
mains work, 527
Manchester encoding, 393
manganese alkaline cell, 92
master-slave flip-flop, 279
materials, LED, 118
matrix stripboard, 503
mechanical calculator, 307
mechanical failure, 529
564 Index
memory, 289
memory effect, NiCd cell, 107
mercuric oxide cell, 94
metal film resistor, 8
metal-oxide film resistor, 8
metal-resistance thermometer, 258
mica washer, 149
micro code, 312
microcontroller, 310, 399
microcontroller applications, 324
microcontroller supervisor, 407
microphone, 260
microphone transformer, 56
microprocessor system, 314
microprocessor, 311
microprocessor, interfacing, 327
miniature cells, 94
modern designs, op-amp, 172
modulation, 230
monostable, 223
monostable, op-amp, 175
monotonic output, 345
Monte Carlo analysis, 465
MOS switch, 155
MOSFET, 141
motherboard, 499
motional capacitance, 76
motional inductance, 76
moving-coil microphone, 262
moving-iron microphone, 260
multilayer board, 1
multiplexed display, 329
multiplexer, 275
mutual conductance, 132
mutual inductance, 50
NAND-gate, TTL, 270
native machine language, 318
negative feedback, 144
negative temperature coefficient, 16
nested subroutine, 311
net, circuit diagram, 446
net list, 451
net name, 447
nibble, 276, 308
nickel-cadmium cell, 104
noise level, resistor, 15
noise, SMPS, 239
noise, transistor, 137
non-inductive winding, 7
non-linear distortion, 129
non-ohmic behaviour, 2
non-return to zero (NRZ), 392
non-volatile memory, 289
NOP instruction, 293
notation, Boolean, 266
notch filter, digital, 434
NRZ signalling, 392
number base, 276
Nyquist diagram, 148
Nyquist sampling theorem, 357
offset, op-amp, 166
Ohm’s law, 2, 19
ohm unit, 2
omnidirectional microphone, 260
one-bit adder, 269
one-chip cassette recorder, 204
one-off board, 504
one-shot, 223
on-off keying (OOK), 393
op-amp, 163
opcode, 312
open-loop gain, 145
operand, 312
optical circuits, 232
optical encoder, 249
optical grating, 251
optimum power transfer,
transformer, 67
Index 565
optocoupler, 232
opto-isolator, 160, 255
opto-triac, 160
order of filter, 206
oscillator, 216
oscilloscope, 522
OTP, 292
output level, gate, 272
output resistance, transistor, 134
overcoupled circuit, 73
oversampling ADC, 360
overtone, crystal, 219
overtones, 76
OXCO circuit, 219
PA stage, 229
packaging, transistor, 136
pads, 1
PADS, 451
parallel loading, 282
parallel transfer, 370
parallel-plate capacitor, 29
parity bit, 385
passive components, 1
PC printer ports, 376
PCB construction, 497
PCB layout, 470
PCB layout, ADC, 363
PCB layout, computer, 467
PCM, 232
PDMA inductor, 63
peak voltage, transformer, 60
perfect transformer, 53
permeability of free space, 65
permittivity of free space, 30
phase-locked loop (PLL), 180
phase-sensitive detector, 180
phono connector, 487
photodiode, 117, 254
photoresistor, 252
photosensor, 252
phototransistor, 138, 254
Pierce oscillator, 220
piezoelectric microphone, 262
piezoelectric strain gauge, 245
Pirani gauge, 246
planar inductor, 63
PLD, 298
PLL, 180
plug and socket, Centronics, 371
point-contact diode, 111
polarization, cell, 89
porcelain capacitor, 31
positive temperature coefficient, 16
potentiometer, 8
potentiometer law, 18
power, 18
power amplifier (PA) stage, 229
power bandwidth, op-amp, 171
power dissipation, 17
power meter, plug-in, 529
power-up reset, 317
power-up reset, microcontroller,
405
PPM, 231
preferred values sets, 11
preferred values, capacitor, 36
preset (set) input, 282
pressure measurement, gas, 245
primary cell, 84
primary winding, 52
printing schematics, 454
probe, oscilloscope, 523
processor type, word width, 308
Pro-electron coding, 161
program counter (PC), 309
programmable logic, 296
programmable logic device (PLD),
298
566 Index
programmable mixed signal array,
302
programmable unijunction
transistor, 154, 157
programming, 318
PROM, 289, 291
propagation delay generator, 281
protection circuit, lithium cell, 97
protection diodes, 272
protective diode, MOSFET, 144
proximity effect, inductor, 64
PRSG, 283
pseudo-complementary circuit, 209
pseudo-random sequence
generator, 283
pseudo-static memory, 295
pulse frequency, parallel transfer,
370
pulse-code modulation, 232
pulse-counting discriminator, 230
pulse-position modulation, 231
pulse stretcher, 286
pulse transformer, 56
pulse width modulator, DAC, 349
pulse width modulator,
microcontroller, 411
pulse-width modulation, 231
punched paper tape, 309
PUT, 154, 157
PWM, 231
pyroelectric burglar alarm, 261
pyroelectric film, 259
Q factor, 71
quantization, ADC, 352
quantization, DSP, 432
quartz crystal, 76
quasi-LDO regulator, 189
quiescent state, 126
R2R ladder, DAC, 347
rack system, 496
radio frequency circuit, 226
RAM, 289, 294
RCA connector, 487
reactance, capacitor, 43
reactive circuit, 66
read/write timing, static RAM, 316
reconstruction filter, 350
rectifier circuits, 234
reduced instruction set computer
(RISC), 312
Reed-Solomon code, 385
reference diode, 114
reforming NiCd cell, 104
regulation, transformer, 59
regulator circuit, 191
regulator, power supply, 235
relative permeability, 65
relative permittivity, 30
relay logic, 267
relay timer, 195
relay use, microprocessor, 336
remote keyless entry (RKE), 393
reset input, 282
resistive divider, 340
resistivity, 3
resistivity calculations, 4
resistivity, examples, 6
resistivity formula, 6
resistivity values, common, 5
resistor, 2
resistor chain, 345
resistor characteristics, 13
resistor colour code, 13
resistor construction, 7
resistor value coding, 10
resistor-transistor logic (RTL), 269
resolution, ADC, 352
resonant circuit, 71
Index 567
responsivity, 243
RET, 150
return to zero, 392
reverse resistance, 111
RF cable, 483
RF cable attenuation, 484
RF circuit, 226
RF connector, 483
ribbon microphone, 262
ripple, 233
ripple counter, 283
rolled capacitor, 34
ROM, 289
row and column, keypad, 339
row and column, memory, 290
RS flip-flop debounce, 339
RS latch, 277
RS-232, 380
RTL, 269
rules, hardware design, 324
runt pulse, 283
RZ signalling, 392
safety-valve, lithium cell, 97
Sallen & Key filter, 206
sampling, ADC, 356
saturated arithmetic, DSP, 432
saturation of core, transformer, 57
saturation, BJT, 152
SAW resonator, 394
scan rate, keypad, 340
schematic capture, 440
Schmitt trigger, 224
Schottky diode, 116
SCR, 156
secondary cell, 84, 99
secondary winding, 52
selectivity, 73
self-heating, thermistor, 24
self-inductance, 48
semiconductor diode, 111
sensitivity, 73
sensor, 243
sensor, digital output, 344
sequential logic, 277
serial communication, 282
serial interface, microcontroller,
412
serial multivibrator, 223
serial output in software,
microcontroller, 420
serial transfer, 379
series regulator, 236
set input, 282
seven-segment display, 327
shaping circuit, op-amp, 174
shelf-life change, resistor, 15
shelf-life, cell, 86
shift register, 282
shunt regulating circuit, 235
sidebands, 230
sigma-delta ADC, 360
signal generator, 526
signal-matching transformer, 54
silicon bidirectional switch, 158
silicon controlled rectifier, 156
silicon diode, 112
silicon-controlled switch, 159
silk-screen symbols, 472
silver oxide cell, 94
silvered mica capacitor, 31
simple cell, 87
simulation, circuit, 455
sine wave oscillator, 216
single-ended push-pull, 208
sinking, 270
skin effect, inductor, 64
sleep instruction, microcontroller,
405
slew rate, op-amp, 166, 171
568 Index
SM inductor, 62
SM resistor, 13
SMA connector, 485
small-scale circuit, 502
SMB connector, 486
SMD, 1
SMD PCB, 498
soft breakdown, 114
software handshaking, RS-232, 387
solder braid, 512
solder choice, 509
soldering, 508
soldering change, resistor, 15
soldering toolkit, 514
solderless breadboard, 504
solenoid calculation, 65
sonar, 248
sound, 260
source, 140
sourcing, 270
spectral response, photodiode, 119
SPI/I2 bus, microcontroller, 413
SPICE, 451
spot-cutter, 503
square array memory, 293
stability factor, bias, 131
stability of value, resistor, 15
stabilizer, power supply, 235
stack, 311
standard baud rates, 385
standards, equipment rack, 497
static memory, 294
steering diode, 224
stored charge, 152
strain, 243
strain gauge, 243
stranded wire, soldering, 508
stray capacitance, 31
stress, 244
subroutine, 310
substrate, 141
successive approximation, ADC,
358
superposition theorem, 21
supervisor, microcontroller, 407
supply voltage, gate, 272
switched capacitor filter, 185
switches, 338
switches, 492
switching circuit, 150
switch-mode power supplies
(SMPS), 236
switch-off time, BJT, 152
symbolic names, assembly
language, 319
symbols, logic, 267
synchronous counter, 283
synchronous RS-232C, 383
Sziklai pair, 197
talking device, 376
tantalum electrolytic, 35
TCXO circuit, 218
temperature, 255
temperature coefficient, resistance,
15
temperature effect, crystal, 79
temperature range, switch, 494
temperature rise transformer, 59
temperature sensitivity, LCD, 333
temperature sweep, 459
temperature testing, 527
test button, earth trip, 527
test equipment, 517
test leads, 517
testing, 529
thermal potential difference, 501
thermal resistance, 148
thermistor, 24, 259
thermistor law, 26
Index 569
thermocouple, 256
thermometer code, 351
Thevenin’s theorem, 23
thyristor, 156
tight coupling, 73
time constant, 39
time constant, inductive, 49
timer, (555), 193
timing diagrams, Centronics, 372
timing, IEEE-488, 377
tolerances, electrolytics, 36
tolerances, resistor, 9
toroidal transformer, 53
totem-pole circuit, 208
transducer, 243
transformer, 50
transformer kit, 60
transient analysis, circuit, 456, 462
transient voltage suppressor (TVS),
120
transistor, 122
transistor interfaces, 336
transistor packaging, 136
transistor parameters, 132
transistor-transistor logic (TTL),
269
transition detector, 280
transition temperature, 256
transparent latch, 278
triac, 157
trimmer, 8
tri-state output, gate, 273
truncating Fourier series, 435
truncation, DSP, 433
truth table, 266
TTL, 269
tuned circuit, 71
TV ICs, 193
twin-T oscillator, 220
UART, 282
UART/USART, microcontroller,
412
ultrasonic, 260
UNICODE, 384
unijunction, 154
unregulated output, 234
untuned oscillator, 223
untuned transformer, 67
USART, 282
USB connector, 490
U-set, cabined sizes, 496
UVEPROM, 291
value coding, resistor, 10
value, SMD component, 2
values, relative permeability, 66
varactor diode, 115
variable capacitor, 38
variable resistor, 8
variable-reluctance microphone,
260
Variac™, 62
varistor, 122
Vbe multiplier, 202
VCXO circuit, 218
vectored reset address, 317
velocity-operated microphone, 260
VFET, 144
VHDL, 301
VHP connector, 486
video connector, 486
virtual earth, 145
virtual earth, op-amp, 168
virtual oscilloscope, 522
virtual wiring, 448
volatile memory, 289, 294
voltage follower, op-amp, 173
voltage gain, transistor, 137
voltage reference for ADC, 362
570 Index
voltage regulator, IC, 189
voltage, Hall, 247
voltage-follower, op-amp, 169
voltage-time product, transformer,
56
volt-amp rating, transformer, 58
volt-seconds, energy, 63
Von Neumann architecture, 311
watchdog timer, microcontroller,
404
wave filter, 79
waveform generator, 183
wideband amplifier, 214
Wien bridge oscillator, 221
winding resistance transformer, 60
wiping contact, switch, 493
wire leads, 1
wired-OR connection, 271
wireless links, 390
wire-wound resistor, 7
word, 308
working voltage, capacitor, 37
XLR connector, 489
XO oscillator, 217
XOR gate, 269
Zener diode, 113
ZIF IC socket, 499
Zuse, Konrad, 267