TOPIC Theory and practical application of nominal clauses,adverbial clauses, direct & indirect speech in finance A. Introduction 1 The complex sentence is an important part of English grammar, not only for its popular application but also for its complicated structures. Among knowledge involved in the complex sentence, there are nominal clauses, adverbial clauses, direct and indirect speech. This report looks into these matters by including two main sections. The first section focuses on literature reviews for the definition and usage of nominal clauses, adverbial clauses, direct and indirect speech. The other section deals with practical applications of these theories in finance- an aspect of business. This section contrasts the use of nominal clauses and adverbial clauses, direct and indirect speech in the financial theme by analyzing five financial articles to help you thoroughly understand the theory. Moreover, the report is carried out by some useful research methods such as getting theories from orthodox English grammar books and collecting additional examples from international e-newspapers in the Internet. We do hope that the report will provide readers useful information and practically assist readers in studying and using English. Theory and practical application of nominal clauses,adverbial clauses, direct & indirect speech in finance Lending to non-financial companies continued to contract annually, as company demand for credit remained subdued even though alternative capital funding has not been as prevalent in the first quarter,” the BBA said. On the housing front, lending picked up, although only slightly. The number of mortgage approvals rose to 35,000 in March from 33,400 in February, which was itself the lowest level for mortgage lending in 10 months. Meanwhile, homeowners stepped up the pace at which they are repaying their mortgages so that net mortgage lending – gross disbursements minus repayments – eased to £2.4bn in March from £2.7bn in February and was below the average level of the previous six months. “The muted BBA mortgage approvals data reinforce our suspicion that house prices will be erratic through 2010, and may very well be no better than flat over the year – particularly if more properties come on to the market thereby pushing the supply/demand balance more towards buyers from sellers,” said Howard Archer, economist at IHS Global Insight. Mr Archer said the strong rise in house prices seen over much of 2009 was “out of kilter” with overall economic fundamentals and was unsustainable. Net consumer credit also contracted slightly in March, according to the BBA, with repayments outstripping new borrowing. New spending on credit cards in March totalled £5.7bn, down from £5.8bn in February and in line with the average over the previous six months. New consumer loans for the month totalled £1.1bn, down from £1.3bn the month before. But the decline in consumer borrowing and net mortgage lending translated into rising deposits at banks. Total deposits rose by £4.7bn, up slightly from February and much higher than the £3.2bn average level seen over the previous six months. B. Development 2 I. Literature review 2 NOMINAL CLAUSES 2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 8 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 14 III.Practical application 21 1. Contrast the use of nominal clauses and adverbial clauses in finance 21 3. Contrast the use of direct speech and indirect speech in finance 34 C. Conclusion 46 D. Appendix 47 I. References 47 II. Discourses ( from Finance Times) 47