Sách The Potentiometric Analysis of Chloride Ion Using Modified Heterogeneous Chitosan Membranes

The importance of chloride is immense in many areas such as in industry, agriculture and environment.1 In addition to being used in the production of industrial chemicals, they are also useful in the production of fertilizers. The source of environmental chlorides includes leaching from several types of rocks through weathering, before it is transported into groundwater.2–3 Chlorides may also form from reaction of chlorine in water during power plant treatment. Consequently, this will bring about haloform reaction between hypochlorous acid and other organics such as ethanol, giving rise to the final result, chloroform, a known carcinogenic.4 Chloride is a well-known germicide in domestic drinking water. The permissible level of chloride recommended in drinking water is in the range of 200 to 300 mg/l.5–7 Chloride may cause leaf burn to sensitive crops during sprinkling and it may increase the osmotic pressure around the plant roots, which eventually prevent the water uptake.8 A high concentration of chloride is also blamed for metal corrosion in the domestic water piping.7 As such, there is a need to monitor and quantify the amount of chloride in water.