Sách The Grammar of Names (Linguistics)

Title: The Grammar of Names

Author(s): John M. Anderson

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Date: 2007

Pages: 387

Size: 1.58 Mb

Format: PDF

Quality: High

Language: American English

Contents:

This book is the first systematic account of the syntax and semantics of names. Drawing on work in onomastics, philosophy, and linguistics John Anderson examines the distribution and subcategorization of names within a framework of syntactic categories, and considers how the morphosyntactic behavior of names connects to their semantic roles.

He argues that names occur in two basic circumstances: one involving vocatives and their use in naming predications, where they are not definite; the other their use as arguments of predicators, where they are definite. This division is discussed in relation to English, French, Greek, and Seri, and a range of other languages. Professor Anderson reveals that the semantic status of names, including prototypicality, is crucial to understanding their morphosyntax and role in derivational relationships. He shows that semantically coherent subsets of names, such as those referring to people and places, are characterized by morphosyntactic properties which may vary from language to language. His original and important investigation will appeal to scholars and advanced students of linguistics and philosophy

Contents

Preface

ix

Conventions and abbreviations

x

Part I: Why Names?

1

1 Notional Grammar and Names

3

1.1 What is notional grammar?

7

1.2 The semantics vs. the morphosyntax of names

15

1.3 Conclusion and prospect

21

2 Implementation of a notional grammar

23

2.1 Preamble

23

2.2 A notional system of syntactic categories

26

2.2.1 The basic system

26

2.2.2 Functional categories

33

2.2.3 Determinatives

39

2.3 Categories and syntax

46

2.3.1 The projection of sentence structure

47

2.3.2 Extending sentence structure I: verbal complements

55

2.3.3 Extending sentence structure II: modiWcation

61

2.4 Conclusion and prospect

68

Part II: Approaches to the Study of Names

71

3 Prelude to a survey of name studies

73

3.1 The three traditions

73

3.2 A working framework for semantics

77

4 Onomastics

83

4.1 Preamble

84

4.2 Traditional onomastics

88

4.2.1 Naming systems and name structure

88

4.2.2 Sources of names

92

4.2.3 Functions of naming

99

4.2.4 ClassiWers of names

106

4.2.5 Some preliminary conclusions

107

4.3 Some recent work in onomastic theory

110

4.3.1 Hierarchies of names

114

4.3.2 Onymic reference and the sense of names

116

4.3.3 The phenomenology of names

122

4.4 Conclusion

127

5 Remarks on the philosophy of names

131

5.1 Mill

132

5.2 ‘Descriptivism’

138

5.3 The ‘descriptivist’ critique of Mill

148

5.4 ‘Rigid designation’, ‘baptisms’, and ‘direct reference’

155

5.5 Conclusion

159

6 Studies on the linguistics of names

163

6.1 The semantics of names

164

6.2 The categorization of names

169

6.2.1 Traditional criteria for names

170

6.2.2 Names as nouns

172

6.2.3 Names as determinatives

175

6.2.4 Problems with names as determinatives

179

6.3 Classes of name and derivation

183

6.3.1 Subclasses of names

184

6.3.2 Names based on names

189

6.3.3 Names based on common words

191

6.3.4 Common words based on names

194

6.3.5 Pronouns as bases

201

6.3.6 Deictic names

204

6.4 Conclusion

206

Part III: Towards a Grammar of Names

211

7 Observations concerning names and related categories

213

7.1 The roles of names: identiWcation, nomination, address

215

7.1.1 As arguments

215

7.1.2 In nomination

217

7.1.3 As vocatives

219

7.1.4 Conclusion

222

7.2 Names vs. determiners and pronouns

223

7.3 Names vs. generics

228

7.3.1 Generics

229

7.3.2 Generics and names

233

7.4 A brief overview

237

vi Contents

8 The syntax of names

239

8.1 Names and determination

239

8.1.1 Deictics

240

8.1.2 IndeWnites and deWnites

246

8.1.3 Names as determinatives

258

8.2 The category of name

262

8.2.1 Active and inactive names

263

8.2.2 Indexation, names, and pronouns

265

8.2.3 The ontology of names

266

8.3 Names and nomination

268

8.3.1 Nomination and inactive names

269

8.3.2 Inactive names and apposition

271

8.4 Names and vocatives

279

8.4.1 DeWniteness and the speech act status of vocatives

280

8.4.2 Vocatives as predicators

282

8.5 Conclusion: what is a name?

287

9 Names and the lexicon

293

9.1 Classes of names and their complexity

295

9.1.1 Systems and structures of personal names

296

9.1.2 Personal vs. place names

302

9.1.3 Family and ethnic names

306

9.1.4 Corporate and generic names

309

9.1.5 Numeral-based names

310

9.1.6 Names based on phrases

315

9.2 Names as bases

323

9.2.1 Nonce formations

324

9.2.2 Sense-based lexicalized formations

327

9.2.3 Encyclopaedia-based formations

328

9.3 Conclusion: what are names?

330

References

335

Author Index

353

Subject Index