Tài liệu Recent advances in the pathogenesis, prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and its complicati

RECENT ADVANCES IN THE PATHOGENESIS, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
Edited by Mark B. Zimering

Contents
Preface IX


Part 1 Diabetic Neuropathy 1
Chapter 1 New Treatment Strategies in
Diabetic Neuropathy 3
Anders Björkman, Niels Thomsen and Lars Dahlin
Chapter 2 Sonographic Imaging of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 15
Tsuneo Watanabe, Shin-ichi Kawachi and Toshio Matsuoka
Chapter 3 Diabetic Neuropathy
– Nerve Morphology in the Upper Extremity 33
Niels Thomsen, Anders Bjorkman and Lars B. Dahlin


Part 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease 43
Chapter 4 Residual Vascular Risk in T2DM:
The Next Frontier 45
Michel P. Hermans, Sylvie A. Ahn and Michel F. Rousseau
Chapter 5 Type 2 Diabetes and Fibrinolysis 67
Ján Staško, Peter Chudý,
Daniela Kotuličová, Peter Galajda,
Marián Mokáň and Peter Kubisz
Chapter 6 Diabetes and Aspirin Resistance 91
Subhashini Yaturu and Shaker Mousa
Chapter 7 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy 105
Dike Bevis Ojji
Chapter 8 AF and Diabetes Prognosis and Predictors 119
Carlo Pappone, Francesca Zuffada and Vincenzo Santinelli
Chapter 9 Detection of Silent Ischemia in
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes 129
Babes Elena Emilia and Babes Victor Vlad
Chapter 10 Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on Arterial Endothelium 155
Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel, Aaron K. Bunker and M. Harold Laughlin


Part 3 Hypertension, Nephropathy and Diabetes 179
Chapter 11 Antihypertensive Treatment
in Type 2 Diabetic Patients 181
Angelo Michele Carella
Chapter 12 Managing Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes 207
Arthur L.M. Swislocki and David Siegel

Chapter 13 Treatments for Hypertension in Type 2
Diabetes-Non-Pharmacological and
Pharmacological Measurements 233
Kazuko Masuo and Gavin W. Lambert
Chapter 14 Diabetic Nephropathy; Clinical Characteristics
and Treatment Approaches 263
Derun Taner Ertugrul, Emre Tutal and Siren Sezer
Chapter 15 Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease in
Diabetic Patients: Pathophysiologic Insights
and Implications of Recent Clinical Trials 273
Victoria Forte, Miriam Kim, George Steuber,
Salma Asad and Samy I. McFarlane
Chapter 16 A Diachronic Study of Diabetic Nephropathy in
Two Autochthonous Lines of Rats to Understand
Diabetic Chronic Complications 283
Juan Carlos Picena, Silvana Marisa Montenegro,
Alberto Enrique D´Ottavio, María Cristina Tarrés
and Stella Maris Martínez


Part 4 Diverse Organ Involvement/Dysfunction in Diabetes 301
Chapter 17 Pathogenic Features of Insulin Resistance and Critical
Organ Damage in the Liver, Muscle and Lung 303
Kei Nakajima, Toshitaka Muneyuki,
Masafumi Siato and Masafumi Kakei
Chapter 18 Implications of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
on Gastrointestinal Cancers 323
Diana H. Yu and M. Mazen Jamal
Chapter 19 Prevention for Micro- and Macro-Vascular
Complications in Diabetic Patients 337
Kyuzi Kamoi
Part 5 Aspects of the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes 373
Chapter 20 Emerging Challenge of Type 2 Diabetes:
Prospects of Medicinal Plants 375
Rokeya Begum, Mosihuzzaman M, Azad Khan AK,
Nilufar Nahar and Ali Liaquat
Chapter 21 Nutritional Therapy in Diabetes: Mediterranean Diet 391
Pablo Pérez-Martínez, Antonio García-Ríos, Javier Delgado-Lista,
Francisco Pérez-Jiménez and José López-Miranda
Chapter 22 Pharmacogenetics for T2DM and Anti-Diabetic Drugs 413
Qiong Huang and Zhao-qian Liu


Preface
Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects nearly 120 million persons worldwide- and according
to the World Health Organization this number is expected to double by the year 2030.
Owing to a rapidly increasing disease prevalence- the medical, social and economic
burdens associated with the microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2
diabetes are likely to increase dramatically in the coming decades. In this volume,
leading contributors to the field review the pathogenesis, treatment and management
of type 2 diabetes and its complications. They provide invaluable insight and share
their discoveries about potentially important new techniques for the diagnosis,
treatment and prevention of diabetic complications.
Neuropathy is the most common microvascular complication in diabetes. In the Section
on Diabetic Neuropathy, Bjorkman et al. provide evidence for how a novel technique
known as ‘targeted plasticity’ may be useful for stimulating recovery of somatosensory
function in diabetic neuropathy affecting the hand. Watanabe and co-workers describe
the use of ultrasound of peripheral nerve as a potentially promising new modality for
the evaluation of patients having distal polyneuropathy. Thomsen et al summarize the
differences in nerve fiber morphology between large vs small fiber neuropathy.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with a two-four- fold increased risk for cardiovascular
disease. In the section Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Hermans et al. review the
evidence supporting atherogenic dyslipidemia as a potentially important component
of residual vascular risk in diabetes. Stasko et al. treat the important topic of diabetes
and fibrinolysis, including evidence for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a
predictor of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Yaturu and Mousa discuss evidence
for aspirin resistance in diabetes. Ojji reviews the pathogenesis of diabetic
cardiomyopathy focusing on the unique contribution of diastolic dysfunction to heart
failure in diabetes. Pappone et al summarize the results of a large prospective
observational study in which type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased risk for
progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation. Silent ischemia is
highlighted in an excellent chapter by Emilia and Vlad Babes. Finally, Arce-Esquivel
and colleagues review the beneficial effects of exercise on endothelial function.
Hypertension frequently complicates type 2 diabetes contributing to a substantially
increased risk for cardiovascular disease or progression of nephropathy. In three
excellent chapters written by Carella, Swislocki & Siegel, and Masuo & Lambert the
latest advances in treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes are summarized.
Ertugrul et al review treatment advances in diabetic nephropathy. MacFarlane and
colleagues summarize the management of chronic anemia in diabetic nephropathy.
Martinez et al describe a rat model which mimics certain key features of human
diabetic nephropathy which may be useful for improving understanding and
screening potential treatments to prevent this debilitating microvascular complication.
Diabetes is a multi-systemic disease which can affect many different target organs. In a
chapter by Nakajima et al, liver, muscle and lung involvement in diabetes are
reviewed with a focus on the association between diabetes and restrictive lung disease.
Diana Yu and Jamal Mohammad summarize evidence supporting an association
between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk for certain types of cancer affecting the
gastrointestinal tract. Kamoi summarizes evidence supporting the role for high blood
pressure and techniques for improving the predictive value of high blood pressure as
an important mediator of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes.
Finally, three excellent chapters by Begum et al, Perez-Martinez et al, and Huang &
Liu informatively review aspects of the use of medicinal plants, nutritional therapy
and the pharmacogenetics of anti-diabetic drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Mark B. Zimering, MD, PhD
Chief, Endocrinology
Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System
East Orange, New Jersey,
USA
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey,
USA