Báo Cáo PHI2600U ETHICS - Final Exam (Multiple Choice - Đề Tham Khảo)

Final Exam: Take a 40-multiple-choice / true or false question exam covering the material studied in chapters 6 through 11 of Ethics for Life.


1/ Which economic system did Ayn Rand claim was the best morally?

2/ Identify the person who said the following: "Without society we would all live in a "state of nature" in which life would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

3/ According to natural rights ethicists, such as John Locke and Ayn Rand, rights stem from:

4/ Which of the following theories gives moral consideration to cats and coyotes as well as to humans?

5/ According to deontologists, autonomous moral agents

6/ In response to complaints from students that some professors were allowing a few select students in their classes to do extra credit assignments to pull up their grades, the administration issued a memo telling professors that they cannot give extra credit assignments unless the whole class has an opportunity to earn extra credit. Which of the following duties was the administration referring to?

7/ Virtue ethicists are concerned primarily with .

8/ A virtuous person is one who

9/ Which of the following people place the least emphasis on intention in determining whether something is a virtuous act?

10/ According to the Doctrine of the Mean, as put forth by Confucius and Aristotle, .

11/ What quality or virtue does David Hume regard as the most important?

12/ Care ethicists such as Nel Noddings .

13/ In 1995, China passed the Maternal and Infant Health Care Law which bans marriages between couples "with certain genetic diseases of a serious nature" unless they agree to sterilization or long-term contraception. The law also requires doctors to "advise" parents to abort if an abnormality is detected in the fetus. The state justifies this law as a measure to "shed some of the economic burden" of caring for disabled people. This justification is based on which of the following ethical theories?

14/ What, according to Friedrich Nietzsche, is the source of all virtue?

15/ According to Aristotle, we acquire virtue primarily through

16/ Both Rand and Aristotle believed that happiness is an important goal for humans. However, unkike Rand, Aristotle believed that we can best achieve this goals through .

17/ In some in vitro fertilization clinics, the following is done if there is reason to suspect that a woman will have problems with implantation: Several eggs are fertilized in vitro and are incubated to allow cell divisions to give 4-celled or 8-celled embryos. Several of these embryos are inserted into the woman's uterus, with the hope that at least one will successfully implant. After some time has passed, she is examined and if more than one embryo has implanted and continued to develop, the excess are removed. This removal is called "selective abortion." It is controversial. Some IVF physicians do it, others consider it unethical. Some of the people who consider selective abortion unethical argue that it is murder-the killing of a human-and that this is always wrong. These people are embracing what ethical system?

18/ Which of the following people claimed that the ethical egoism underlying capitalism serves as a tool of oppression?

19/ According to Peter singer, what question ought experimenters who plan to use animals as subjects first ask themselves?

20/ Identify the person who said the following: "It is quite compatible with the principle of utility to recognize the fact, that some kinds of pleasures are more desirable and more valuable than others."

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