Tài liệu Ống nanocarbon. Khái niệm cơ bản và tính chất vật lý

Contents
Preface v
1 Introduction 1
2 Structure and Symmetry 3
2.1 Structure of Carbon Nanotubes . 3
2.2 Experiments . 9
2.3 Symmetry of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes 12
2.3.1 Symmetry Operations . 12
2.3.2 Symmetry-based Quantum Numbers 15
2.3.3 Irreducible representations . I 8
2.3.4 Projection Operators 21
2.3.5 Phonon Symmetries in Carbon Nanotubes . 27
2.4 Summary 30
3 Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 31
3.1 Graphene 31
3 I . I Tight-binding Description of Graphcne 33
3.2 Zone-folding Approximation 41
3.3 Electronic Density of States . 44
3.3.1 Experimental Verifications of the DOS . 47
3.4 Beyond Zone Folding - Curvature Effects . 50
3.4.1 Secondary Gaps in Metallic Nitnotubes 50
3.4.2 Rehybridization of the cr and 7c States . 53
3.5 Nanotube Bundles 60
3.5.1 Low-energy Properties . 60
3.5.2 Visible Energy Range . 62
3.6 Summary 64
4 Optical Properties 67
4.1 Absorption and Emission 67
4.1.1 Selection Rules and Depolarization 68
4.2 Spectra of Isolated Tubes 72
4.3 Photoluminescence Excitation - (nl , nz) Assignment . 73
4.4 4-A-diameter Nanotubes 77
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v ~ l l Contents
4.5 Bundles of Nanotubes 79
4.6 Excited-state Carrier Dynamics . 80
4.7 Summary 83
5 Electronic Transport 85
5.1 Room-temperature Conductance of Nanotubes . 85
5.2 Electron Scattering . 88
5.3 CoulombBlockade . 93
5.4 LuttingerLiquid . 96
5.5 Summary 99
6 Elastic Properties 101
6.1 Continuum Model of Isolated Nanotubes 101
6 .I .1 Abinitio. Tight.binding. and Force-constants Calculations 105
6.2 Pressure Dependence of the Phonon Frequencies . 107
6.3 Micro-mechanical Manipulations 111
6.4 Summary 114
7 Rarnan Scattering 115
7.1 Raman Basics and Selection Rules . 115
7.2 Tensor Invariants 119
7.2.1 Polarized Measurements 121
7.3 Raman Measurements at Large Phonon q . 123
7.4 Double Resonant Raman Scattering 126
7.5 Summary . - . 133
8 Vibrational Properties 135
8.1 Introduction . 136
8.2 Radial Breathing Mode . 141
8.2.1 The REM in Isolated and Bundled Nanotubes . 142
8.2.2 Double-walled Nanotubes . 149
8.3 The Defect-induced D Mode 152
8.3.1 The D Mode in Graphite 1 53
8.3.2 The D Mode in Carbon Nanotubes . 154
8.4 Symmetry of the Raman Modes 158
8.5 High-energy Vibrations . 159
8.5.1 Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy . 162
8.5.2 Metallic Nanotuhes . 167
8.5.3 Single- and Double-resonance Interpretation . 172
8.6 Summary 174
8.7 What we Can Learn from the Raman Spectra of Singlc-walled Carbon Nano-
tubes . 174
Appendix A Character and Correlation Tables of Graphene
Appendix B Raman Intensities in Unoriented Systems 181
Contents
Appendix C Fundamental Constants
Bibliography
Index