Thạc Sĩ Những yếu tố xác định tình trạng bỏ học cấp II ở Việt Nam

LUẬN VĂN THẠC SỸ (MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY THESIS)
NĂM 2011
DETERMINANTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL DROPOUT IN VIET NAM
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 01
1.1 Problem statement .01
1.2 The scope and the purpose of the study . .02
1.3 Research questions of the study 03
1.4 The structure of the study . . .03
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 04
2.1 Concepts 04
2.2 Theoretical background 05
2.2.1 Demand for education 05
2.2.2 Education production function 08
2.3 The framework of determinants of the dropout 08
2.4 Empirical studies of school leaving in Viet Nam 16
2.5 Conclusion . .19
CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW OF SECONDARY SCHOOL IN VIET NAM 20
3.1 Schooling trends and dropouts from secondary school in Vietnam .20
3.2 Analyzing opportunities to access secondary school in Vietnam 23
3.3 Conclusion . .26
CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK .27
4.1 Data 27
4.2 Methodology . 28
4.3 Empirical model 30
4.4 Variables in the empirical model . . 30
4.5 Conclusion . .36
CHAPTER 5: ANALYZING DETERMINANTS OF DROPOUT SECONDARY SCHOOL IN VIETNAM 37
5.1 Descriptive statistics . .37
5.2 Regression results . .43
5.3 Interpretation and discussion . . .45
5.4 Scenario analysis . 50
5.5 Conclusion . 56
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION .57
6.1 Conclusion . 57
6.2 Policy recommendations . 58
6.3 Limitations of the study. 60
REFERENCES
APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem Statement
Education is widely considered as an engine of economic and social development. The power of schooling is to raise incomes, to increase productivity and to promote social equity. Therefore, educational expansion at all levels is important for poor countries and the poor because it is the most powerful instrument for a society to escape from poverty (World Bank, 1999). The importance of public investment in education for economic development is shown by the success of the East Asian economies such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Korea. (Chew et.al., 1999). Moreover, research on returns to education often finds that returns to the primary level are highest and returns to secondary level are the second highest (Psacharopoulos and Anthony, 2002).
Vietnam has recorded achievements in education and developed a comprehensive education and training system. Nevertheless, Vietnam is facing a crisis in terms of the quality of education at all levels and a crisis of dropouts of pupils. For years from 2001 to 2005, more than four million pupils have left school: more than one million at the primary level, two million at the lower secondary level and a million at upper secondary level. According to statistics for the first semester of the year 2008-2009 from the Ministry of Education and Training, among fifteen million pupils in Vietnam, eighty six thousand have dropped out of school: nine 2
thousand at the primary level, forty thousand at the lower secondary level and thirty eight thousand at the upper secondary level. The Mekong Delta had the highest number of dropouts at twenty five thousand. The Central Highlands had eleven thousand dropouts and the North-West 4,600 dropouts. The consequence of pupils dropping out include private and public costs. For individuals, they cannot get skilled employment so they earn little money and face many risks and discrimination in society. For the country, dropouts reduce the rate of growth of the skilled labor force. Moreover, dropouts make the gap between the poor and the rich larger.
Motivated by this situation, this study analyzes the determinants of the dropout rate from secondary school in Vietnam. The contribution of the study is to find out which factors influence the dropout rate and to suggest policies to reduce it.
1.2 The scope and the purpose of the study
The study focuses on analyzing empirically factors that affect dropout behavior of children at the individual, household and school level. The analysis is carried out on the case of dropouts from the secondary level in Vietnam in 2006. The study aims at identifying the degree of impact of factors affecting the dropout rate from secondary school. The study provides input for policy makers formulating policies to reduce the dropout rate at the secondary level in Vietnam. 3
1.3 Research questions of the study
The study attempts to answer the central question: What are the most prominent factors affecting secondary school dropouts in Vietnam?.
In order to answer the central question, some following sub –questions should be addressed:
 What are the factors theoretically affecting dropouts?
 To what extent do these factors explain dropouts at the secondary level in Vietnam?
 What should be done to reduce dropouts from secondary school in Vietnam?

1.4 The structure of the study
The study consists of six chapters. Following this introduction, the rest of the study is structured as follows. Chapter 2 is devoted to the literature review in order to provide the analytical framework for the thesis. It will present concepts, discuss the theoretical background, and then lay out a framework for studying the determinant of school dropouts and review empirical studies concerning dropouts in Vietnam. Chapter 3 is an overview of secondary schools in Vietnam. The methodology and empirical model are presented in Chapter 4. It will describe the dataset, set up the methodology, explain the empirical model and describe the variables used. Chapter 5 reports and discusses the empirical results of the model. Chapter 6 concludes the study with a summary of the main findings and policy recommendations. It also includes some remarks on the limitations of the study.