Sách Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh THPT - GV. Nguyễn Đặng Hoàng Duy

Baøi 1: THÌ CUÛA ÑOÄNG TÖØ
I- Hieän taïi ñôn (Simple Present):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp:
- Caâu khaúng ñònh S + V(s/es); S + am/is/are
- Caâu phuû ñònh S + do/does + not + V; S + am/is/are + not
- Caâu hoûi Do/Does + S + V?; Am/Is/Are + S?
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì hieän taïi ñôn ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2.1 Moät thoùi quen, moät haønh ñoäng ñöôïc laëp ñi laëp laïi thöôøng xuyeân. Trong
caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely,
every day/week/month
Ex: Mary often gets up early in the morning.
2.2 Moät söï thaät luùc naøo cuõng ñuùng, moät chaân lyù.
Ex: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
2.3 Moät haønh ñoäng trong töông lai ñaõ ñöôïc ñöa vaøo chöông trình,keá hoaïch.
Ex: The last train leaves at 4.45.
II- Hieän taïi tieáp dieãn (Present Continuous):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp:
- Caâu khaúng ñònh S + am/is/are + V-ing
- Caâu phuû ñònh S + am/is/are + not + V-ing
- Caâu hoûi Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2.1 Moät haønh ñoäng ñang dieãn ra ôû hieän taïi (trong luùc noùi); sau caâu meänh
leänh, ñeà nghò. Trong caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø: now, right now, at the moment,
at present,
Ex: What are you doing at the moment?
- I’m writing a letter.
Be quiet! My mother is sleeping.
2.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ ñöôïc leân keá hoaïch thöïc hieän trong töông lai gaàn.
Ex: What are you doing tonight?
- I am going to the cinema with my father.
2.3 Moät haønh ñoäng nhaát thôøi khoâng keùo daøi laâu, thöôøng duøng vôùi today,
this week, this month, these days,
Ex: What is your daughter doing these days? Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Study, study more, study forever!!! Trang 2
- She is studying English at the foreign language center.
3) Nhöõng ñoäng töø khoâng ñöôïc duøng ôû thì HTTD:
3.1 Ñoäng töø chæ giaùc quan: hear, see, smell, taste
3.2 Ñoäng töø chæ tình caûm, caûm xuùc: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish
3.3 Ñoäng töø chæ traïng thaùi, söï lieân heä, sôû höõu: look, seem, appear, have,
own, belong to, need,
3.4 Ñoäng töø chæ sinh hoaït trí tueä: agree, understand, remember, know,
III- Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh (Present Perfect):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp:
- Caâu khaúng ñònh S + have/has+ V3/ed
- Caâu phuû ñònh S + have/has + not + V3/ed
- Caâu hoûi Have/Has + S + V3/ed?
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì HTHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù khoâng xaùc ñònh roõ thôøi ñieåm.
Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t.
2.2 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù, coøn keùo daøi ñeán hieän taïi.
Ex: My friend Nam has lived in HCMC since 1998.
2.3 Moät haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra.
Ex: I have just finished my homework.
2.4 Trong caáu truùc:
Be + the first/second time + S + have/has + V3/ed
Be + the ss nhaát + N + S + have/has + V3/ed
Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris.
She is the most honest person I have ever met.
3) Caùc traïng töø thöôøng duøng vôùi thì HTHT:
just (vöøa môùi), recently/lately (gaàn ñaây), ever (ñaõ töøng), never (chöa bao
giôø), yet (chöa), already (roài), since (töø khi – moác thôøi gian), for (khoaûng), so
far/until now/up to now/up to the present (cho ñeán baây giôø)
IV- Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn (Present Perfect Continu