Tài liệu Nghiên cứu cấu trúc vật liệu nano

Contents
CHAPTER 1. Introduction
Synthetic Self-Assembled Materials: Principles and Practice
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
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3.1.
CHAPTER 3. Examples of Nanoscale Materials in Nature
CHAPTER 2.
2.1.1.
2.1.2.
2.1.3.
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.4.3.
2.4.4.
2.6.1.
2.6.2.
2.7.1.
2.7.2.
Microscopic and Macroscopic Interactions
Molecular Interaction Energies
Macroscopic Interaction Energies
Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrophobic, and Hydrophilic
Interactions
Surfactants and Amphiphilic Molecules
Transition from Dispersed State to Condensed State:
The Beginning of Self-Assembly
Packing Geometry: Attaining the Desired Self-Assembled
Structures
Effect of Surfactant Concentration
Effect of Chain Length
Effect of Cosolvents
Effect of Salts and Ionic Species
Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Nanostructures
Co-Assembly of Liquid Crystalline Structures and
Inorganic Materials
Interactions between Cationic Surfactants
and Anionic Silicates
Interactions between Other Surfactants,
Polymers, and Ceramics
Intelligent Nanoscale Materials
Molecular Recognition
Responsive Nanoscale Materials
Multiscale Ordering and Function in Biological Nanoscale
Materials
xiv Contents
3.2.
3.3.
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CHAPTER 4. Nanocrystal Self-Assembly
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.3.1.
3.3.2.
3.3.3.
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
4.2.4.
4.2.5.
4.2.6.
4.2.7.
4.2.8.
4.2.9.
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.4.1.
4.4.2.
4.4.3.
4.4.4.
4.5.1.
4.5.2.
4.5.3.
4.7.1.
4.7.2.
Hierarchical Ordering in Natural Nanoscale Materials
Proteins as the Basic Building Materials of the
Biological World
Hierarchical Structures in Bone Tissue
Shell as a Composite Material
Multifunction of the Organic Phase in Biological
Nanoscale Materials
The Contribution to the Mechanical Properties
Molecularly Directed Self-Assembly of Inorganic
Minerals
Sensing, Motion, and Response
Nanocrystals
Shapes of Polyhedral Nanocrystals
Cubic-Like Nanocrystals
Tetrahedral Nanocrystals
Octahedral and Truncated Octahedral
Nanocrystals
Twinning and Stacking Faults
Multiply Twinned Icosahedral and Decahedral
Particles
Faceted Shape of Rod-Like Nanocrystals
Surface Defects
Surface Reconstruction of Nanocrystals
Ultra-Small Particles and the Magic Number
Self-Assembly of Nanocrystals
Surface Passivation
Interparticle Bonds
Solution-Phase Self-Assembly of Particles
Metallic Nanocrystals
Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Metallic Magnetic Nanocrystals
Oxide Nanocrystals
Technical Aspects of Self-Assembling
Size Selection of Monodispersive Nanocrystals
Assembling of Nanoparticles with
Mixed Sizes/Phases
Growth Mechanism of Nanocrystal
Self-Assembly
Properties of Nanocrystal Self-Assembly
Template Assisted Self-Assembly
NanoChannel Array Guided Self-Assembly
Natural Structure Hosted Self-Assembly
Contents xv
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4.7.3.
4.7.4.
4.8.
CHAPTER 5. Structural Characterization of Nanoarchitectures
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
CHAPTER 6.
6.1.
6.2.
6.3
6.4.
6.5.
CHAPTER 7.
7.1.
7.2.
5.1.1.
5.1.2.
5.4.1.
5.4.2.
5.4.3.
5.4.4.
5.4.5.
5.4.6.
5.4.7.
5.4.8.
6.2.1.
6.2.2.
6.4.1.
6.4.2.
6.4.3.
7.1.1.
7.1.2.
7.1.3.
7.2.1.
7.2.2.
Catalysis Guided Growth of Carbon
Nanotube Arrays
119
119
122
123
125
129
129
131
132
134
136
140
147
150
154
Stress Constrained Self-Assembly of
Quantum Dots
Summary
X-Ray Diffraction
Crystallography of Self-Assembly
Structure of Nanocrystals
Scanning Probe Microscopy
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Image Formation
Contrast Mechanisms
Shapes of Nanocrystals
Crystallography of Self-Assembly
Self-Assembly of Shape Controlled Nanocrystals
Defects in Self-Assembly
Chemical Imaging of Self-Assembled Structures
In Situ Structural Transformation
Summary
Fabrication of Nanoarchitectures Using Lithographic Techniques
Fabrication Techniques and Nanolithography
X-Ray, Electron, and Ion-Beam Lithography
X-Ray Lithography
Electron- and Ion-Beam Lithography
Nanoparticle Lithography
Scanning Probe Lithography
Resolution and Nanofabrication
STM-Based Nanolithography
AFM-Based Nanolithography
Concluding Remarks
Chemical and Photochemical Reactivities of Nanoarchitectures
Redox Potentials of Nanomaterials
Quantum Size Confinement Effect
Surface Effect
Effects of Light
Photochemical and Chemical Reactions
Photochemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions without Light
xvi Contents
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
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CHAPTER 8.
7.4.1.
7.4.2.
7.4.3.
7.4.4.
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
8.1.1.
8.1.2.
8.2.1.
8.2.2.
8.3.1.
8.3.2.
8.3.3.
8.3.4.
8.4.1.
8.4.2.
8.4.3.
8.4.4.
8.5.1.
8.5.2.
8.5.3.
8.5.4.
8.5.5.
9.1.
9.2.
9.3.
9.4.
CHAPTER 9.
Photoelectrochemical Reactions
Photocatalysis and Environmental Applications
Small Inorganic Molecules
Large Organic Molecules
Water Pollution Control
Air Pollution Control
Molecular Recognition and Surface Specific Interaction
Optical, Electronic, and Dynamic Properties of Semiconductor
Nanomaterials
Energy Levels and Density of States in Reduced Dimension
Systems
Energy Levels
Density of States
Electronic Structure and Electronic Properties
Electronic Structure of Nanomaterials
Electron–Phonon Interaction
Optical Properties of Semiconductor Nanomaterials
Absorption: Direct and Indirect Transitions
Emission: Photoluminescence and
Electroluminescence
Nonlinear Optical Properties
Single Particle Spectroscopy
Applications of Optical Properties
Lasers and Light Emitting Diodes
Photovoltaic Solar Cells
Optical Filters: Photonic Band Gap Materials
Other Applications
Charge Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductor
Nanoparticles
Spectral Line Width and Electronic Dephasing
Charge Carrier Relaxation
Charge Carrier Trapping
Electron–Hole Recombination
Charge Transfer
Optical, Electronic, and Dynamic Properties of Metal
Nanomaterials
Static Absorption Properties of Metal Nanoparticles and
Assemblies
Emission of Metal Particles
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
Spectral Line Widths and Electronic Dephasing
Contents xvii
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