Contents 24.1 Introduction 589 24.2 Development trends 589 24.2.1 Emissions 589 24.2.2 Engine weight 592 24.2.3 Reliability and durability 592 24.3 Engine descriptions 593 24.3.1 Caterpillar 3500 593 24.3.2 Caterpillar 3600 593 24.3.3 Dalian 240 ZD 593 24 3.4 General Electric 7FDL™ 597 24.3.5 General Electric 7HDL™ 598 24.3.6 General Motors EMD 645 and 710 598 24.3.7 General Motors EMD H engine 598 24.3.8 Kolomna D 49 601 24.3.9 MTU/DDC 4000 series 603 24.3.10 Paxman VP 185 603 24.3.11 Pielstick PA4 200 VG 605 24.3.12 Pielstick PA6B 607 24.3.13 Ruston RK215 609 24.4 Summary of engine design features and future trends 609 24.5 Railcar engines 609 24.5.1 Cummins 611 24.5.2 MAN 611 24.5.3 MTU 611 24.5.4 Niigata 611 Acknowledgements 611 References 611 Further reading 612 21761_24a