LIVER BIOPSY Edited by Hirokazu Takahashi Contents Preface IX Part 1 Procedure, Techniques and Comprehension of Liver Biopsy 1 Chapter 1 The Role of Liver Biopsy in the Non-Invasive Methods Era and Liver Stiffness Measurement Using Transient Elastography 3 C. Rinaldi A. Lesmana and Laurentius A. Lesmana Chapter 2 Proposed Protocol for Histopathological Examination of Liver Specimen in Diagnosing Chronic Hepatitis 13 Andrzej Gabriel and Michał Kukla Chapter 3 Principles of the Biopsy Procedure 25 Anna Piekarska Chapter 4 Immunological Analysis of Liver Diseases with Liver Biopsy Specimens 33 Kazuto Tajiri and Yukihiro Shimizu Chapter 5 Immunostochimistry as a Tool for Chronic Hepatitis Diagnosis 49 P Chevallier-Queyron and I Chemin Chapter 6 Microanalytical Determination of Trace Elements from Liver Biopsy Materials of Patients with Chronic Diffuse Liver Diseases with Different Ultrasound Attenuation 63 Szebeni A., Varga I., Kovács B., Tolvaj Gy. and Zalatnai A. Chapter 7 The Use of Flow Cytometric DNA Ploidy Analysis of Liver Biopsies in Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma 87 Ashraf Tabll and Hisham Ismail Chapter 8 Electron Microscopy of Liver Biopsies 109 Theodore C. Iancu and Irena Manov Chapter 9 Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Liver Biopsy: Problems and Perspectives 137 Tokin Ivan B., Tokin Ivan I. and Filimonova Galina F. Chapter 10 Ishak versus METAVIR: Terminology, Convertibility and Correlation with Laboratory Changes in Chronic Hepatitis C 155 Gamal Shiha and Khaled Zalata Chapter 11 Transgastric Liver Biopsy Using the NOTES Technique: An Animal Study 171 Nobumi Tagaya and Masatoshi Oya Part 2 Non-Invasive Alternatives to Liver Biopsy 179 Chapter 12 Noninvasive Alternatives to Liver Biopsy 181 Ludmila Viksna, Valentina Sondore, Jāzeps Keiss, Agita Jeruma, Pēteris Prieditis, Ilze Strumfa, Arturs Sochnevs and Baiba Rozentale Chapter 13 Noninvasive Alternatives of Liver Biopsy 203 Květoslava Aiglová Chapter 14 Can We Replace Liver Biopsy with Non-Invasive Procedures? 225 Carmen Fierbinteanu Braticevici, Raluca Papacocea, Laura Tribus and Anca Badarau Chapter 15 The Current Status of Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Real Time Tissue Elastography 241 Hiroyasu Morikawa and Norifumi Kawada Chapter 16 Noninvasive Alternatives for the Assessment of Liver Fibrosis 251 Lungen Lu and Kun Zhou Chapter 17 Non-Invasive Assessment of the Liver – Serum Markers and Imaging Techniques 265 Anna Mania, Paweł Kemnitz, Katarzyna Mazur-Melewska, Magdalena Figlerowicz and Wojciech Służewski Chapter 18 Transient Elastography for Assessment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 283 Ludovico Abenavoli Chapter 19 Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis by Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography (Fibroscan®) 293 Sandrin Laurent, Oudry Jennifer, Bastard Cécile, Fournier Céline, Miette Véronique and Mueller Sebastian Chapter 20 Virtual Reality Simulation of Liver Biopsy with a Respiratory Component 315 Pierre-Frédéric Villard, Piers Boshier, Fernando Bello and Derek Gould Chapter 21 Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography: A Non-Invasive Alternative to Liver Biopsy 335 Hirokazu Takahashi, Naofumi Ono, Yuichiro Eguchi, Toshihiko Mizuta, Keizo Anzai, Atsushi Miyoshi, Masato Yoneda, Atsushi Nakajima and Kazuma Fujimoto Chapter 22 Comparison of Five Liver Fibrosis Indexes with Serum Levels of Laminin and N Terminal Peptide of Procollagen Type III in Chronic Hepatitis Patients 343 Hadi Parsian, Mohammad Nouri, Ali Rahimipour, Mohammad Hossein Somi and Durdi Qujeq Part 3 Complications of Liver Biopsy 361 Chapter 23 Complications of Liver Biopsy 363 Abdullah Saeed Gozai Al-Ghamdi Chapter 24 Complications of Liver Biopsy 371 Daren Subar, Ali Khan and Derek O’Reilly Chapter 25 Complications of Liver Biopsy - Risk Factors, Management and Recommendations 393 Norman Oneil Machado Preface Liver biopsy is recommended as the gold standard method to determine diagnosis, fibrosis staging, prognosis and therapeutic indications in patients with chronic liver disease. This book covers the whole clinical field of liver biopsy including the basic principles of the procedure, protocol, indications, pathohistological evaluation, and complications. The book covers special evaluation procedures such as electron microscopy, immunostochimistry and flow cytometry. Non-invasive methods, especially the elastography, which is the new procedure in hot topics, are all here frequently reported. One of the reasons for the progress of non-invasive technologies is that liver biopsy is an invasive procedure with a risk of complications- which can be very serious. This book provides the references for the non-invasive procedures including elastography, imaging methods and blood panels which could present the alternatives to liver biopsy. In this book, the professionals of elastography show the mechanism, availability and how to use it in a clinical field. The comprehension of elastography could be a great help for dealing and for understanding for liver biopsy. Hirokazu Takahashi, M.D, PhD Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan