Tài liệu Incoterms® 2010

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[TD=align: left] r the transfer of title of goods. It is crucial to agree on an Incoterm at the start of a negotiation/ [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] quotation defining the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of of a sale, as it will affect the costs and responsibilities involved in shipping, insurance [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] and tariffs. The new Incoterms 2010 rules were revised by the International Chamber of [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] Commerce and will become effective January 1, 2011. Four terms were eliminated (DAF, DEQ, [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] DES, DDU) and two were added: Delivered at Place (DAP) and Delivered at Terminal (DAT). [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] The modifications affect obligations, risk transfer, and cost sharing for the seller and buyer, [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] resulting in better clarification and application of the eleven (11) Incoterms, and consistent with [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] the way global trade is actually conducted since the last update in 2000. [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] In any sales transaction, it is important for the seller and buyer to agree on the terms of sale and [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] know precisely what is included in the sale price. Exporters should choose the Incoterm that [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] works best for their company, but also be prepared to quote on other terms. [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] See VEDP FastFacts- Responding to Inquiries [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] Inexperienced exporters may want to use the Incoterm “Ex Works” (EXW), because this term [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] carries the least burden for them. Under EXW, an exporter’s responsibility ends at their facility’s [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] loading dock, which includes making the goods available for pick up and providing any product [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] information needed for filing the Electronic Export Information (EEI). The importer’s agent (i.e. [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] their designated U.S. freight forwarder) will arrange and pay for the pre-carriage, shipping, [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] insurance and any additional costs from the exporter’s door. A sale based on the Incoterm “CIF”, [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] on the other hand, requires the [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] exporter [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] to arrange and pay for the pre-carriage, shipping, and [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] insurance to a named port. In this case, the sale price (invoice) includes not only the (C)ost of [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] goods, but also (I)nsurance and (F)reight costs that the importing buyer pays the exporting seller. [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] When designating the Incoterm on a commercial invoice or a quotation to the buyer, the term [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] should be followed by the city or port of load/discharge, such as “EXW Factory, Richmond, VA” or [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] “CIF Rotterdam”. Using the actual address is better to avoid any confusion or misinterpretation. [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] Communication throughout the entire process is crucial. For example, under Ex Works, the [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] shipper should notify the importer when the goods are ready and after they have been picked up [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] by the importer’s selected carrier. The exporter’s freight forwarder often provides the vessel and [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] sail date, or air cargo service used, and any ocean bill of lading or airway bill number to keep the [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] parties informed of the arrangements and status of the shipment (even though technically under [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] Ex Works the exporter’s responsibility ends at their loading dock). [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] The most burdensome Incoterm for the exporter is Delivered Duty Paid (DDP), because all [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] arrangements and costs are borne by the exporter, usually with the assistance of agents (freight [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] forwarders and customs house brokers). With DDP, the exporter bears all risks and costs of [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] transportation, including duties and tariffs, until the goods are received by the importer, usually at [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] the importer’s factory or warehouse. Since DDP represents the maximum obligation to the seller, [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] it is not recommended for companies that are new-to-export. [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] VEDP International Trade [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] · [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] www.exportvirginia.org [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] · [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] clientservices@yesv irginia.org [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] · [/TD]
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[TD=align: left] (804) 545-5764 [/TD]
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