Tiến Sĩ Factors affecting the competitiveness of Small and Medium Sized aquiculture Enterprises in the north

Luận án tiến sĩ năm 2013
Đề tài: Factors affecting the competitiveness of Small and Medium Sized aquiculture Enterprises in the north of Vietnam
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng lực cạnh tranh của các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ ngành nuôi trồng thủy sản ở khu vực miền Bắc Việt Nam
Luận án được trình bày bằng tiếng Anh


TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER I 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Background of the study 1
2. Statement of the problem 3
3. Hypothesis 5
4. Objective of the study 5
5. Scope and limitations of the study . 6
6. Definition of terms 6
CHAPTER II 9
LITERATURE REVIEW 9
1. Conceptual framework . 9
1.1. Concept of competition 9
1.2. Porter’s 5 forces Model . 10
1.3. Analyzing competitors & David Aaker’s model . 12
2. Literature Review . 14
CHAPTER III . 20
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 20
1.Research design 20
2. Location of the study . 22
3. Population, Sample Size and Sampling technique . 22
4. Description of research points . 24
5. Research Instrument 24
6. Statistical analysis . 25
CHAPTER IV . 27
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 27
1. Evaluating the reliability of statistic data 27
2. Descriptive statistics . 31
vii
3. Analysis the factors of the competitiveness of Small and Medium Sized Aquaculture
Enterprises of the six provinces in the North of Vietnam 31
3.1. Financial capability . 32
3.2. Management Capability . 34
3.3. Intangible assets . 36
3.4. Manufacturing equipment and technology capability 38
3.5. Marketing . 40
3.6. Production capability . 44
3.7. Human Resources 45
3.8. R&D 48
4. Comparison of competitiveness between provinces in Northern Vietnam in aquaculture
sector. 49
4.1. Financial capability of six coastal provinces in the North of Vietnam 49
4.2. Management Capability 51
4.3. Intangible assets . 52
4.4. Manufacturing equipment and technology capability . 53
4.5. Marketing 54
4.6. Production capability 56
4.7. Human resources 57
4.8. Research and Development 58
5. Evaluating the competitiveness level of the aquaculture sector in the north of Vietnam 61
CHAPTER V 86
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 86
1. Conclusions 86
2. Recommendations . 86
APPENDIX 1 : SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 97
APPENDIX 2: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF EACH PROVINCE . 102
APPENDIX 3: ANOVA ANALYSIS . 112
APPENDIX 4: POST HOC TESTS . 117
APPENDIX 5: KSF competitor ranking 6 provinces of northern Vietnam in aquaculture
sector 136


CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the study
Market economy and international integration are creating many opportunities and
challenges for enterprises, especially the small and medium sized enterprises. So how
Vietnam’s Small and medium sized enterprises should operate to survive and develop in a
competitive and integrative environment is now a major issue worth being paid great
attention to.
In recent years, the Vietnam's economy in general and aquaculture sector in particular
is in the process of economic integration in the Region and the World. This is also a great
opportunity for aquaculture enterprises in the North of Vietnam. However, aquaculture
enterprises in the North have met the big challenges such as stiff competition.
Opportunities of SMEs:
First, Vietnam is increasingly involved deep integration into the economy of the region
and the world, opportunities for the aquatic products will increasingly be expanded. The
northern aquaculture enterprises will have the huge global market for export and
opportunities to expand the market and attract more foreign investment. They will receive
conditional preferential tariffs when exporting fishery products to the WTO member
countries, especially countries where seafood and capable of penetrating the mass
consumption large, such as the EU, USA, Japan, China . This is a great opportunity for
aquaculture enterprises in northern areas could increase exports, to expand the market and
high business efficiency.
Second, in recent years aquaculture enterprises in the North have the opportunity to
acquire the advancement of science and technology in the world in aquaculture, processing
and trading.
Thirdly, this time, aquaculture enterprises in the northern region can more easily raise
their capital. There have been a lot of commercial banks founded with the broader lending
institutions in the Northern region. This is a great opportunity for the exploitation of capital
investment to expand production, processing and trading of regional fisheries.
2
Fourth, the WTO, the commodity market's seafood sector is expanding north, the
conditions for aquaculture enterprises to exploit huge potential market to penetrate with
reasonable rates, service rates cheaper inputs. However, it also means that competition is
increasingly fierce, with the tightening conditions seafood export to foreign countries.
Many aquaculture enterprises are well aware of hygiene and food safety so they have
invested in new construction or further upgraded, complete renovation by expanding,
innovative modern equipment to meet the standards and requirements specifications,
product diversification.
Besides the opportunity, the aquaculture enterprises in the Northern region have to
face challenges following:
First, competition in the market for seafood is fierce, while the competitiveness of
seafood in northern areas is low. The ability to automate the production is not high,
resulting in a cost some products of the North region is higher than the same type of
commodity in other areas of the country. Therefore products of aquaculture enterprises of
the northern region to compete with other enterprises in the country: category, price and
product quality.
Second, most of the aquaculture enterprises in the northern region are small-scale
production, weak production capacity. So many enterprises have fallen into weak position
to produce goods in large quantities and high quality.
Third, facilities of many aquaculture enterprises in the northern region are old, outdated
technologies they lack of funds for the renovation of equipment manufacturing.
Fourth, the quality of labor in the aquaculture enterprises in the northern region is low,
limiting the access to scientific and technical progress in advanced manufacturing. The
training of managers and technical workers pay attention nowadays but due to limit funds
and experience, so the number of training classes are not many, did not meet the
requirements in terms of quantity and quality, especially the lack of skilled entrepreneurs.
Conclusion, the current aquaculture enterprises in northern region are facing many
opportunities and also many difficulties and challenges. However, it should be aware that
the advantages and the comparative advantages of major enterprises belong to the objective
3
factors, while the challenges that they meet belongs to the subjective factors derived from
the inside of enterprises .
Therefore, to achieve high efficiency, they need to know to take advantage of every
opportunity and comparative advantage of themselves to overcome challenges to achieve
effective high production, high efficiency of integration.
2. Statement of the problem
Aquaculture sector is strength of Vietnam and has now been identified as key economic
sectors of the country by the achievements that this sector has achieved in the past and
future prospects. Currently, the Northern region of Vietnam has 122 aquaculture
enterprises in six coastal provinces. Every year, the manufacturing aquatic sector brought
considerable income for the region and for the country.
However, besides the results achieved are still many potential problems such as the
shortage of skilled labor, less diverse products. These problems are potential risks for the
development of the aquaculture enterprises. Therefore, the identification of factors
affecting the competitive advantage of the aquaculture enterprises in the northern region is
urgently needed to provide solutions improving the competitiveness of these enterprises.
So far today, a number of researches on the competitiveness of enterprises, especially
the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises, and the activities of Sea Product Export
(AQUACULTURE) Vietnam have been done, but no research has looked into the factors
affecting the competitiveness of the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in aquiculture.
Therefore, the author has chosen thesis “Factors affecting the competitiveness of Small
and Medium Sized aquiculture Enterprises in the north of Vietnam”. In this study, the
authors focus on identifying the factors that affect the competitiveness between the
aquaculture enterprises in the northern region to propose recommendations to improve the
capacity competition for them.
The study is aimed at finding out the factors affecting the competitiveness of
aquiculture Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMES) in the north of Vietnam. From
this some solutions to each factor will be given to improve the competitive advantages of
aquaculture enterprises.
4
In order to achieve the aim of study, the researcher will have to answer the following research
question:
 Which factor affects the competitiveness of the small and medium sized
aquaculture enterprises in the North of Vietnam?
 How is competitive level of aquaculture enterprises in the North of Vietnam
evaluated?
There are many factors that affect competition; they can be divided into two main
groups of factors: external factors and internal factors.
a- External factors include:
 Environmental political factors
 Tax policy
 Interest rate
 Financial Policies
 Administrative procedures
 Climatic factors
b - Group internal factors:
 Financial Capability
 Human Resources
 Manufacturing equipment and technology capability
 Production capability
 Management Capability
 Marketing
 R&D
 Intangible assets
However, within the framework of this thesis the author has focused on the internal
factors affecting the competitiveness of small and medium sized enterprises in aquaculture
sector. The external factors will not be analyzed because of the following reasons:


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