Tiến Sĩ Environment factors for foreign direct investment for American business corporation in three main co

Luận án tiến sĩ năm 2013
Đề tài:Environment factors for foreign direct investment for American business corporation in three main commercial centers of Vietnam
Các yếu tố của môi trường đầu tư tác động đến thu hút đầu tư trực tiếp của các doanh nghiệp Mỹ tại ba trung tâm kinh tế lớn của Việt Nam
Luận án được trình bày bằng tiếng Anh


TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEED OF DECLARATION V
LIST OF TABLES xrv
LIST OF TABLES xrv
LIST OF FIGURES XVI
APPROVAL SHEET XX
CHAPTER 1 21
INTRODUCTION 21
Backgwtind of ứte Study 21
StataneiU of the Problem 22
Objectives 24
Hypothesis 25
Scope and lònừatìon of study 25
Significatice of study 26
Ikfinửừm terms. 27
CHAPTER 2 32
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES 32
1. FOREES DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDD THEORY 32
1.1. Concept and features 32
1.1.1. Concept 32
1.1.2. Features 33
1.2. FDI classification 35
1.2.1. Joint - venture company 35
1.2.2. Enterprise with 100% foreign capital 36
1.2.3. Business cooperation contract 37
1.2.3. Other forms of FDI 37
1.3. Roles of foreign direct investment 40
1.3.1. Impact of FDI on investors and investor’s country 40
1.3.2. Impact of FDI on investment receiving country 41
2. OVERVIEW OF INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT 46
2.1. Concept 46
2.2. Characteristics of the investment environment 47
2.2.1. Synthetic feature 48
2.2.2. Mobile (dynamic) feature 48
2.2.3. Openness feature 48
2.2.4. Systematic feature 49
2.3. Classification of investment environment 50
2.3.1. Classification by national management function 50
2.3.2. Classification by channels of factors affecting investment activity 50
2.3.3. Classification by constituent elements 50
2.3.4. Classification by scopes 50
2.3.5. Classification by phases of formation and investment activities 51
2.3.6. Classification by causes for capital flows 51
3. IMPACT OF LNVESTEMENT ENVIRONMENT ON FDIATTRATION .51
3.1. Factors from investment environment in the host country countries 51
3.1.1. Natural environment 51
3.1.2. Politic environment 52
3.1.3. Law and policy environment 53
3.1.4. Economical environment 54
3.2. Factors from invironment in investor’s countries 56
3.2.1. Macroeconomic policy 56
3.2.2. International legal for oversea investment 57
3.2.3. Economic, scientific and technological potential 58
3.3. Factors from international investment environment 59
3.3.1. General trend of cooperation between regions and countries 59
3.3.2. General trend of regional lingkage and globalization 59
3.3.3. Establishment and development of transnational companies 60
4. ATTRACTING FDI EXPERIENCE WORLD-WIDE 62
4.1. Attracting FDI experience of some countries 62
4.1.1. China 62
4.1.2. Malaysia 64
4.1.3. Thailand 66
4.1.4. Singapore 67
4.2. Experience for Vietnam 68
4.3. Role of FDI on socio-economic development in Vietnam 70
4.3.1. Enhancement of investment capital 70
4.3.2. Promotion of economic structure transfer, work creation for employee 70
4.3.4. Contribution of infrastructure and techniques forming for the
industrialization and modernization process 71
4.3.5. Contribution of national budget increase 72
5. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES 72
6. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 75
CHAPTER 3 77
METHODOLOGY 77
1. RESEARCH DESIGN 77
2. LOCATION OF THE STUDY 79
4. SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 81
5. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE 83
Figure 2. Data collection process 85
6. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 86
CHAPTER 4 87
RESESULT AND FINDINGS 87
1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND - AN OVERVIEW OF FDI ENVIRONMENT
IN VIETNAM AND THE UNITED STATE 87
1.1. General investment environment of Vietnam 87
1.1.1. Politic environment 87
1.1.2. Geographic and Infrastructure environment 89
1.1.3. Economical and Financial Environment 92
1.1.4. Institutional and Administrative Management environment 95
1.1.5. Labor environment 96
1.2. Trend of FDI attraction in Vietnam 98
1.2.1. Economic growth forecast for Vietnam 98
1.2.2. Comments about FDI from the u.s in Vietnam during 2013 - 2020 99
1.3. POLICIES OF THE U.S ON ABROAD INVESTMENT 102
1.3.1. Summary of the United States 102
1.3.2. Practice of FDI from the us in Vietnam 110
2. RESULTS OF SURVEY ON FDI ENVIRONMENT IN VIETNAM 119
2.1. Foreign Enterprise’s Assessemcnt 120
2.1.1. Process of receiving a project under OSS (One-Stop-Shopping) mechanism 120
2.1.2. Infrastructure 121
2.1.3. Investment supporting policy 121
2.1.4. Rapid work clearance 122
2.1.5. Ensurement of supplying raw materials, supporting industries 122
2.1.6. Review of foreign investors about the attractiveness for FDI 123
2.2. The State administrator's assessement 125
2.2.1. Politic evironment 125
2.2.2. Institutional and management environment 126
2.2.3. Geographic and infrastructure environment 127
2.3. Foreign investor's assesscment 128
2.3.1 Evaluating the reliability of statistic data 128
2.3.2. Descriptive statistics 134
2.3.3. ANOVA analysis 135
2.3.4. Hypothesis Testing 139
2.3.5. Factor analysis on regression model 142
CHAPTER 5 147
CONCLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 147
1. CONCLUSIONS 147
2. RECOMMENDATION FOR ATTRACTING THE u.s FDI 150
2.1 Shorterm solutions 151
2.1.1. Politic environment 151
2.1.2. Institutional- Administrative Management 151
2.1.3. Geographic- Infrastructure 153
2.1.4. Economic- Finance 155
2.1.5. Solutions related to human resources 159
2.2. Longterm solutions 160
2.2.1. Promote the development of supporting industries 160
2.2.2. Continuing negotiation, conclusion and implementation of the Trans-Pacific
Partnership Agreement (TPP) 161
2.2.3. Develop specific policies to attract capital and technology from the MNC 162
2.2.4. Strengthening information and communication, policy and advocacy for the
country to invest overseas 163
Vietnamese references 166
English references 168
Websites 168
REFERENCES -216-


ABSTRACT
During the past 25 years, FDI in Vietnam including FDI from the United States has been continuously expanding and developing. It becomes an important part of the economy. To get these positive results, Vietnam has been constantly improving the investment environment in order to create attractive high competitive investment environment.
As a strongest economy of the world, the U.S. FDI projects are typically large- scale associated with source technology, high technology. Since the reestablishment Vietnam - U.S. diplomatic relation, FDI from the United States in Vietnam plays an important contribution to the process of industrialization and modernization of the country, improves economical, political and military roles of Vietnam. However, us FDI in Vietnam is incommensurable with advantageous potential of two countries. In order to attract efficiently the us FDI, Vietnam requires more improvement of investment environment which is more and more increasingly attractive and competitive compared with other countries in the region.
A survey on 63 us investors, 30 state management agencies and 99 FDI enterprises was carried out in three main commercial centers of Vietnam (Hanoi, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh city) in order to find advantage and/or disadvantage of sub¬factors of investment environment in Vietnam, then providing some prospective solutions for investment environment improvement in coming years. Results shows that Vietnam need to improve policies that ensure more investor’s right and also policies that petitioner all corruption phenomenon and policies that has no distinction between domestic and foreign investors. Vietnam also has to improve traffic, storage system, harbor . In term of labor quality, it is needed to create more strict linkage
between vocational training centers, schools with enterprises; these training centers must build ưaining programs and graduated standards corresponding to typical requires of enterprises, especially it must focus on professional awareness of labors. It also needed to expand training linkage with international high quality training institutions in order to enhance training quality and there therefore labor quality that approaches international standard. On the other hand, Vietnam should better improve economical and financial policies such as stable currency exchange rates . In summary, Vietnam needs to enhance synchronously factors of investment environment in accordance with regional and international commands.


CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a popular concept that a host country have imvestement from foreign companies to produce goods or supply service in its national boundary. The FDI is significant capital and technical source of economic growth. This is also characteristic clearly of globalization. Beside that FDI is not only providing of investment capital and technology, it is also providing of managerial and technological skills, job creation, infrastructure upgrading for host country. It is proved in practice that an important that, an economic isolation is closed road, especially in circumstance that trend of globalization and integrate of international economic . In order to attract foreign investors, especially numerous FDI inflows from Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) and big economies, many Governments have been developing and changing their traditional or transitional economies by designing and executed relevant policies to open environment for FDI.
In Vietnam, FDI is an important source to help restructure and increase the competitiveness of the economy since the middle of 1980s when Vietnam began to apply new ecomomic mechanism called as **Doi Moi’* and known as “open-door policy”. FDI has become an important factor of economy of Vietnam in the context of deep integration with the world economy and globalization trends. Durinii period of 36 years in attracting foreign investment Vietnam have gained significant success. In this context, Vietnam has launched several measures, open-door policy change, rapidly improving environment to attract foreign investment in order to face to the decline of inflows of foreign direct investment and new developments of the globalization process.

The change in financing and banking policy, labor force administration, especially impoving geographical and infrastructure factors in the direction of increasing favor for foreign investors by the Vietnam Government, have been considered as an urgent measure to increase the attractiveness for FDI. Despite achieving certain results, it is said that Vietnam did not make best use of opportunities to attract FDI and not gain the maximum benefits that foreign direct investment can bring, especially the FDI inflow of investors from the major economies such as the U.S., Europe and Japan. Besides, the application of geographical and infrastructure advantage in attracting foreign direct investment in Vietnam, especially finacial and banking elements are limited, and not yet achieved as desired target.
Statement of the Pwblan
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of remarkable activities in the international economics integration and globalization for many decades. Attracting FDI is important for economic development not only for poor, development countries but also developed countries.
Today, almost countries promote actively FDI atưactiveness to provide employment, income increase or to take high and innovational technologies, management skills. FDI also helps to penetrate the market of other countries. Vietnam is also in the trend and needs to improve the quality of FDI projects by creating favorable policies for hi-tech projects and those which suit the country’s socio¬economic development strategy.
Vietnam achieved a long progress for creating propitious investment environment since 1987 when Investment Law established. Foreign Direct Investment plays an important role in the Vietnam economy (25% total social investment); stimulating and improving efficient use of domestic resources, increasing exports


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