Tài liệu Embryonic stem cells – basic biology to bioengineering - Michael S. Kallos

EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS – BASIC BIOLOGY TO BIOENGINEERING - Michael S. Kallos

Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Challenges and Possibilities – From New Cell Lines
to Alternative Uses of Cryopreserved Embryos 1
Chapter 1 Embryonic Stem Cells for Therapies –
Challenges and Possibilities 3
Ronne Wee Yeh Yeo and Sai Kiang Lim
Chapter 2 Derivation and Characterization of New hESC Lines
Network for Embryonic Stem Cells 305
Zafer Nihat Candan and Semra Kahraman
Chapter 3 Cryopreserved Embryos: A Catholic Alternative
to Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Adoption 33
Peter A. Clark
Part 2 Methods, Tools and Technologies for Embryonic Stem Cell
Culture, Manipulation and Clinical Application 47
Chapter 4 Bioprocess Development
for the Expansion of Embryonic Stem Cells 49
Megan M. Hunt, Roz Alfred, Derrick E. Rancourt,
Ian D. Gates and Michael S. Kallos
Chapter 5 Small-Scale Bioreactors
for the Culture of Embryonic Stem Cells 73
Allison Van Winkle, Ian D. Gates and Michael S. Kallos
Chapter 6 Synthetic Surfaces
for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture 89
Andrei G. Fadeev and Zara Melkoumian
Chapter 7 Efficient Integration of Transgenes and Their Reliable
Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells 105
Kenji Sakurai, Miho Shimoji, Kazuhiro Aiba and Norio Nakatsuji
Chapter 8 Embryonic Stem Cells: Introducing Exogenous
Regulators into Embryonic Stem Cells 123
Yong-Pil Cheon
Chapter 9 Functional Control of Target Single Cells in ES Cell Clusters
and Their Differentiated Cells by Femtoinjection 149
Hideaki Matsuoka, Mikako Saito and Hisakage Funabashi
Chapter 10 From Pluripotency to Early Differentiation
of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Cultures Evaluated
by Electron Microscopy and Immunohistochemistry 171
Janus Valentin Jacobsen, Claus Yding Andersen,
Poul Hyttel and Kjeld Møllgård
Part 3 Applications of Embryonic Stem Cells
in Research and Development 191
Chapter 11 Methods to Generate Chimeric Mice
from Embryonic Stem Cells 193
Kun-Hsiung Lee
Chapter 12 Embryonic Stem Cells in Toxicological Studies 213
Carmen Estevan, Andrea C. Romero, David Pamies,
Eugenio Vilanova and Miguel A. Sogorb
Chapter 13 Teratomas Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells
as Models for Embryonic Development,
Disease, and Tumorigenesis 231
John A. Ozolek and Carlos A. Castro
Part 4 Pluripotency and Molecular Biology
of Embryonic Stem Cells 263
Chapter 14 Illuminating Hidden Features of Stem Cells 265
Gideon Grafi, Rivka Ofir, Vered Chalifa-Caspi and Inbar Plaschkes
Chapter 15 Signaling Pathways in Mouse
Embryo Stem Cell Self-Renewal 283
Leo Quinlan
Chapter 16 Building a Pluripotency Protein Interaction
Network for Embryonic Stem Cells 305
Patricia Ng and Thomas Lufkin
Chapter 17 Profile of Galanin in Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues 321
Maria-Elena Lautatzis and Maria Vrontakis
Chapter 18 Rho-GTPases in Embryonic Stem Cells 333
Michael S. Samuel and Michael F. Olson

Chapter 19 Cripto-1: At the Crossroads
of Embryonic Stem Cells and Cancer 347
Nadia Pereira Castro, Maria Cristina Rangel, Tadahiro Nagaoka,
Hideaki Karasawa, David S. Salomon and Caterina Bianco
Chapter 20 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pluripotency
and Lineage Commitment – The Role of GSK-3 369
Bradley W. Doble, Kevin F. Kelly and James R. Woodgett
Part 5 Lessons from Development 389
Chapter 21 Embryonic Stem Cells and the Germ Cell Lineage 391
Cyril Ramathal, Renee Reijo Pera and Paul Turek
Chapter 22 Techniques and Conditions
for Embryonic Germ Cell Derivation and Culture 425
Maria P De Miguel, Candace L Kerr,
Pilar López-Iglesias and Yago Alcaina
Chapter 23 Pluripotent Gametogenic Stem Cells
of Asexually Reproducing Invertebrates 449
Valeria V. Isaeva


Preface
The isolation and culture of human embryonic stem cells by Thomson in the late 1990s
has accelerated a paradigm shift in medicine that was started much earlier by Till and
McCulloch in the early 1960s with the discovery of the first stem cells in mice. The
burgeoning field of regenerative medicine will ultimately transform modern human
health care from a molecule‐based focus, which serves to alleviate symptoms, to a cell
and tissue based focus which has the promise of actually restoring function. Although
the potential is enormous, the road is long and there are certainly many milestones
along the way. This book, Embryonic Stem Cells ‐ Basic Biology to Bioengineering and its
companion, Embryonic Stem Cells ‐ Differentiation and Pluripotent Alternatives, serve as a
snapshot of many of the activities currently underway on a number of different fronts.
This book is divided into five parts and provides a foundation upon which future
therapies and uses of embryonic stem cells can be built.
Part 1: Challenges and Possibilities ‐ From New Cell Lines to Alternative Uses of Cryopreserved
Embryos
Chapters 1‐3 offer a broad overview of some of the challenges in bringing embryonic
stem cell based medicine to the clinic, as well as a case study of the derivation of new
embryonic stem cell lines, and an alternative to the use of cryopreserved embryos.
Part 2: Methods, Tools and Technologies for Embryonic Stem Cell Culture, Manipulation and
Clinical Application
Chapters 4‐10 present a wide variety of tools and technologies ranging from largescale
bioreactors to scaled‐down bioreactor arrays and synthetic surfaces that can be
used for embryonic stem cell culture. In addition, methods for introducing foreign
genes into embryonic stem cells and controlling gene expression are described. Lastly,
the use of imaging is presented as a tool to measure pluripotency and early
differentiation.
Part 3: Applications of Embryonic Stem Cells in Research and Development
Chapters 11‐13 present methods to generate chimeric mice for use in research, and in
addition, describe the use of embryonic stem cells in toxicological studies and the use
of teratomas derived from embryonic stem cells as models for early development,
disease, and tumorigenesis.
Part 4: Pluripotency and Molecular Biology of Embryonic Stem Cells
Chapters 14‐20 describe our understanding of pluripotency as well as some of the key
molecules involved in regulating not only pluripotency but cancer and early
embryonic tissues.
Part 5: Lessons from Development
Chapters 21‐23 examine the knowledge we have gained from studying embryonic
germ cells and pluripotent gametogenic stem cells of asexually reproducing
invertebrates.
In the book Embryonic Stem Cells ‐ Differentiation and Pluripotent Alternatives, the story
continues with a sample of some of the studies currently under way to derive neural,
cardiac, endothelial, hepatic and osteogenic lineages. In addition, induced pluripotent
stem cells are introduced and other unique sources of pluripotent stem cells are
explored.
I would like to thank all of the authors for their valuable contributions. I would also
like to thank Megan Hunt who provided me with much needed assistance and acted
as a sounding board for early chapter selection, and the staff at InTech, particularly
Romina Krebel who answered all of my questions and kept me on track during the
entire process.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada, July 2011
Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF),
Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta
Canada
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,
Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta,
Canada