Tài liệu Động lực học phân tử nano

Over the past two decades, studies of chemical reaction dynamics have shifted from
ideal systems of isolated molecules in the gas phase, of molecular clusters in jet
beams, on ultra-clean surfaces, in homogeneous and in dilute molecular solutions,
and in bulk crystals, towards nanosystems of supramolecules, colloids, and ultrasmall
materials, following the contemporary trends in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
The preparation, characterization, and functionalization of supramolecules,
molecular assemblies, nanoparticles, nanodots, nanocrystals, nanotubes, nanowires,
and so on, have been conducted extensively, and their chemical reactions
and dynamic processes are now being elucidated. The systematic investigation of
molecular nanosystems gives us a platform from which we can understand the
nature of the dynamic behavior and chemical reactions occurring in complex
systems such as molecular devices, catalysts, living cells, and so on. Thus we have
conducted the KAKENHI (The Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research) Project on
Priority Area ‘‘Molecular Nanodynamics’’ (Project Leader: Hiroshi Masuhara) for
the period from 2004 April to 2007 March, involving 86 laboratories in Japan.
For the investigation of such complex systems new methodologies which enable
us to analyze dynamics and mechanisms in terms of space and time are indispensable.
Methods for simultaneous direct dynamic measurements in both time and
real space domains needed to be devised and applied. Spectroscopy with novel spaceresolution
and ultrafast spectroscopy with high sensitivity have been developed, the
manipulation and fabrication of single molecules, nanoparticles, and single living
cells have been realized, molecules and nanoparticles for probing chemical reactions
spectroscopically and by imaging have been synthesized, new catalyses for cleaning
air and new reactions have been found, and the way in which a reaction in a single
molecular crystal leads to its morphological change has been elucidated under the
umbrella of this research program. The recent development of these new methods
and the advances in understanding chemical reaction dynamics in nanosystems are
summarized in the present two volumes.
The presented results are based on our activities over three years, including
1146 published papers and 1112 presentations at international conferences. We
hope readers will understand the present status and new movement in Molecular
XVII
Nano Dynamics and its relevant research fields. The editors thank the contributors
and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science, and Technology
(MEXT), Japan for their support of the project. We would also like to thank our
publishers for their constant support.
Sendai, Tokyo, Nara Hiroshi Fukumura
and Sapporo Masahiro Irie
August 2009 Yasuhiro Iwasawa
Hiroshi Masuhara
Kohei Uosaki