Tài liệu Đáp án đề thi học sinh giỏi môn hóa học lớp 11

Thảo luận trong 'Kế Toán - Kiểm Toán' bắt đầu bởi Thúy Viết Bài, 5/12/13.

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    Đáp án đề thi Duyên Hải -Môn Hoá khối 11.

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    [TD]Câu
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    [TD]Sơ lược cách giải
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    [TD]Điểm
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    [TR]
    [TD]Câu 1. (2,0 điểm)

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    [TD][SUP]n[/SUP][SUB]Cu[/SUB]= 0,04 mol; [SUP]n[/SUP][SUB]HNO3[/SUB]=0,24mol ; [SUP]n[/SUP][SUB]KOH[/SUB]=0,21mol => [SUP]n[/SUP][SUB]Cu[/SUB]=[SUP] n[/SUP][SUB]Cu(NO3)2 [/SUB]=0,04 mol
    KOH+ HNO[SUB]3[/SUB] -> KNO[SUB]3[/SUB] + H[SUB]2[/SUB]O
    x x x
    2KOH + Cu(NO[SUB]3[/SUB])[SUB]2[/SUB] -> Cu(OH)[SUB]2[/SUB] + 2KNO[SUB]3[/SUB]
    0,08 0,04 0,04 0,08
    KNO[SUB]3 [/SUB]-> KNO[SUB]2[/SUB] + 1/2O[SUB]2 ; [/SUB]Cu(OH)[SUB]2[/SUB]-> CuO + H[SUB]2[/SUB]O
    (0,08+x) (0,08+x)
    [SUP]m[/SUP][SUB]CuO [/SUB]= 0,04.80 = 3,2 mol => Chất rắn gồm: CuO; KNO[SUB]2; [/SUB]KOH dư
    => 20,76 gam chất rắn = (0,08+x).85+ 3,2 +(0,21-0,08-x).56= 20,76
    => x= 0,12mol -> [SUP]n[/SUP][SUB]KOH p[/SUB][SUB]ư[/SUB]=0,2mol < 0,21mol -> KOH dư -> thỏa mãn
    [SUP]n[/SUP][SUB]HNO3 pư[/SUB]=0,24 – 0,12 = 0,12mol => [SUP]n[/SUP][SUB]H2O[/SUB]= ½.[SUP] n[/SUP][SUB]HNO3 pư[/SUB]=0,06mol=> m[SUB] H2O[/SUB]=1,08g
    => m khí= [SUP]m[/SUP][SUB]Cu[/SUB] + [SUP]m[/SUP][SUB]HNO3[/SUB] - [SUP]m[/SUP][SUB]Cu(NO3)2[/SUB] - m[SUB] H2O[/SUB]= 2,56+7,56-7,52-1,08 = 1,52g
    => mdd= 2,56+25,2-1,52=26,24g
    Trong A: C%HNO[SUB]3[/SUB] dư= 7,56/26,24=28,81%
    C% Cu(NO[SUB]3[/SUB])[SUB]2[/SUB] = 7,52/26,24=28,66%
    [/TD]
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    [TR]
    [TD]Câu 2. (2,0 điểm)

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    [TD]1.Khi ®un nãng dung dÞch NaHCO[SUB]3 [/SUB]:
    2 NaHCO[SUB]3[/SUB] Na[SUB]2[/SUB]CO[SUB]3[/SUB] + H[SUB]2[/SUB]O + CO[SUB]2[/SUB]­
    a) Dung dÞch Na[SUB]2[/SUB]CO[SUB]3[/SUB] lÇn l­ît t¸c dông víi c¸c dung dÞch:
    2 Mg[SUP]2+[/SUP] + 2 CO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + H[SUB]2[/SUB]O (MgOH)[SUB]2[/SUB]CO[SUB]3[/SUB]¯ + CO[SUB]2[/SUB]­
    Mg[SUP]2+[/SUP] + 2 CO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + 2 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O Mg(OH)[SUB]2[/SUB]¯ + 2 HCO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]-[/SUP]
    Ba[SUP]2+[/SUP] + CO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] BaCO[SUB]3[/SUB]¯
    2 Al[SUP]3+[/SUP] + 3 CO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + 3 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O 2 Al(OH)[SUB]3[/SUB]¯ + 3 CO[SUB]2[/SUB]­
    2 Zn[SUP]2+[/SUP] + 2 CO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + H[SUB]2[/SUB]O (ZnOH)[SUB]2[/SUB]CO[SUB]3[/SUB]¯ + CO[SUB]2[/SUB]­
    Zn[SUP]2+[/SUP] + 2 CO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + 2 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O Zn(OH)[SUB]2[/SUB]¯ + 2 HCO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]-[/SUP]
    2 Fe[SUP]3+[/SUP] + 3 CO[SUB]3[/SUB][SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + 3 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O 2 Fe(OH)[SUB]3[/SUB]¯ + 3 CO[SUB]2[/SUB]­
    b) Dung dÞch Na[SUB]2[/SUB]S lÇn l­ît t¸c dông víi c¸c dung dÞch:
    2 Mg[SUP]2+[/SUP] + S[SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + 2 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O Mg(OH)[SUB]2[/SUB]¯ + H[SUB]2[/SUB]S­
    2 Al[SUP]3+[/SUP] + 3 S[SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + 6 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O 2 Al(OH)[SUB]3[/SUB]¯ + 3 H[SUB]2[/SUB]S­
    Zn[SUP]2+[/SUP] + S[SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] ZnS¯
    2 Fe[SUP]3+[/SUP] + 3 S[SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] 2 FeS¯ + S¯
    Fe[SUP]3+[/SUP] + 3 S[SUP]2[/SUP][SUP]-[/SUP] + 3 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O Fe(OH)[SUB]3[/SUB]¯ + 3 HS[SUP]-[/SUP]
    c) Dung dÞch NH[SUB]3[/SUB] lÇn l­ît t¸c dông víi c¸c dung dÞch:
    Mg[SUP]2+[/SUP] + 2 NH[SUB]3[/SUB] + 2 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O Mg(OH)[SUB]2[/SUB]¯ + 2 NH[SUB]4[/SUB][SUP]+[/SUP]
    Al[SUP]3+[/SUP] + 3 NH[SUB]3[/SUB] + 3 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O Al(OH)[SUB]3[/SUB]¯ + 3 NH[SUB]4[/SUB][SUP]+[/SUP]
    Zn[SUP]2+[/SUP] + 2 NH[SUB]3[/SUB] + 2 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O Zn(OH)[SUB]2[/SUB]¯ + 2 NH[SUB]4[/SUB]
    Zn(OH)[SUB]2[/SUB] + 4 NH[SUB]3[/SUB] [Zn(NH[SUB]3[/SUB])[SUB]4[/SUB]][SUP]2+[/SUP] + 2 OH[SUP]-[/SUP]
    Fe[SUP]3+[/SUP] + 3 NH[SUB]3[/SUB] + 3 H[SUB]2[/SUB]O Fe(OH)[SUB]3[/SUB]¯ + 3 NH[SUB]4[/SUB][SUP]+[/SUP]
    [/TD]
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