Chuyên Đề Carbon

Carbon T Takamura, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China & 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Families Morphology of Carbon Carbon is solid under ambient temperature and pressure and there are four allotropes: diamond, graphite, nanotubes and fullerenes, and carbynes, and in addition, there are many morphologies including amorphous carbons, glass-like carbons, porous carbons, and so on. The presence of such a wide variety of carbon morphologies is ascribed to the presence of different hybrid atomic/molecular orbitals: sp1, sp2, and sp3. Usually, the binding structure of solid carbon consists of hybridization of sp2 and sp3 orbitals, which form several different phases, and it is difficult to isolate a morphologically pure single phase. Therefore, the morphological classification of carbon is not clear but ambiguous. In the following the polymorph will be classified on the basis of the hybrid molecular orbital. (1) sp1: carbyne