TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Statement of authorship i Acknowledgement ii Abstract iii Table of contents iv List of abbreviations vi List of diagrams vii INTRODUCTION 1 1. Rational for the study 1 2. Significance of the study 2 3. Scope and objectives of the study 2 3.1. Scope of the study 2 3.2. Research questions 2 4. Research methods 2 5. Overview of the study 3 CHAPTER 1. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4 1.1.CHARACTERISTICS OF LEGAL LANGUAGE 4 1.1.1. An overview of legal traditions in the world 4 1.1.2. Vietnamese legal system 6 1.1.3. Vietnamese legal language 7 1.1.3.1. History of Vietnamese legal language 7 1.1.3.2. Linguistic features of Vietnamese legal language 7 1.1.4. English legal language 10 1.1.4.1. History of English legal language 10 1.1.4.2. Linguistic features of English legal language 11 1.2. TRANSLATION THEORY 16 1.2.1. Definition of translation 16 1.2.2. Translation methods and strategies 17 1.2.2.1. Translation methods 18 1.2.2.2. Translation strategies 20 1.2.3. Translation equivalence and assessment 21 1.2.4. Translation of legal documents 24 CHAPTER 2. APPLICATION OF HOUSE’S MODEL FOR TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT 27 2.1. Presentation of the model 27 2.1.1. An overview of the model 27 2.1.2. Operation of the model 28 2.2. Application of the model 31 2.2.1. Analysis of Source Text 32 2.2.2. Statement of function 47 CHAPTER 3. DISCUSSION 49 3.1. Comparison of Target Text and Source Text 49 3.2. Quality of the translation 57 3.3. Implications for translating Vietnamese legal documents into English 59 CONCLUSION 62 REFERENCES 64 Appendix A. Vietnamese version of the selected text I Appendix B. English version of the selected text V