Luận Văn A study on formation of plural nouns in english and vietnamese equivalents

Khóa luận tốt nghiệp
Đề tài: A study on formation of plural nouns in english and vietnamese equivalents

Table of contents
Acklowledgements
Part one: introduction
1. Rationale of the study . 1
2. Aims of the study 2
3. Method of the study 2
4. Scope of the study . 2
5. Design of the study . 3
Part two: Development
Chapter one: Theoretical background
1.1. Nouns in English
1.1.1. Definition of a noun 4
1.1.2. Characteristics of noun 5
.
1.1.3. Types of noun 6
1.1.3.1. Proper noun . 7
1.1.3.2. Common noun . 11
1.1.3.2.1. Based on grammartical reason 11
1.1.3.2.2. Based on semantic reason 18
1.2. Nouns in Vietnamese
1.2.1. Definition of a noun . 21
1.2.2. Characteristics of noun 21
1.2.3. Types of noun 22
.
1.2.3.1. Proper noun . 22
9
1.2.3.2.Common noun . 23
1.2.3.2.1.Based on synthetic characteristic in meaning of noun . 23
1.2.3.2.2. Based on material body of thing . .24
1.2.3.2.3.Based on the ability combined with numeral .24
Chapter two:The formation of the plural nouns in English and Vietnamese
equivalents
2.1. The formation of the plural nouns in english
2.1.1. The simple noun . 27
2.1.1.1. Regular plural form . 27
2.1.1.1.1. Singular countable nouns + “-s” . 27
2.1.1.1.2. Singular countable noun with ending “-o, -ch,-sh, -s, -x” 28
2.1.1.2. Irregular plural form . 29
2.1.1.2.1. Singular countable noun with ending “-f, -fe” . .29
2.1.1.2.2. Singular countable noun with ending “-y” 30
2.1.1.2.3. Singular countable noun form plural by changing internal vowel 31
2.1.1.3. Words borrow from other language 33
2.1.2. The compound nouns 36
2.1.2.1. Plural in the fist element . 36
2.1.2.2. Plural in maily in the last element 37
2.1.2.3. Plural in both first and last element 38
2.1.3. The plural of proper nouns . 39
2.1.3.1. “The” before nouns 39
2.1.3.2. “Mr, Miss” into plural . 39
2.2. The formation of the plural nouns in Vietnamese
2.2.1. Position one . 43
2.2.2. Position two . 44
2.2.2.1. “Nhưng, c¸c, mäi” words 44
2.2.2.2. Numeral words “ hai, ba, bèn, etc.” . 45
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2.2.2.3. Predictable words “vµi, d¨m, d¨m ba, vµi chôc, etc” . 45
.
2.2.2.4. “MÊy” word 46
Chapter three: Problems made by vietnamese learners when forming plural
nouns and some suggeted solutions
3.1. Problems made by Vietnamese learners when forming plural nouns 48
3.1.1. Subject- verb agreement 48
3.1.2. Pronunciation of the plural nouns 50
3.2. Some suggested solutions 51
3.2.1. Overcome the mistakes of subject- verb agreement 51
3.2.2. Overcome the mistakes of pronunciation of the plural nouns 53
3.3. Some exercises for further practice 56
Part three: conclusion 60
References . 61
Appendix: key to exercises . 63


Part one: introduction
1. Rationale
Each nation has their own language, custom and culture. To have a
common voice, all nations in the world need have a common language and
English is such a language. Nowadays, English is very important because it has
become an effective medium and is used winden in many fields. Especially, in
the intergration process, English is a mean to communicate and exchange
information, culture, technology and science among countries. Hence, learning
English has become a great demand of most people. However, it is not easy work
because English is very variety and complex. English learners have to face up
with many difficulties such as vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar in which
vocabulary is the most difficult problem. In English, a new word is normally
created by adding prefix or suffix in preceed or after root word. Noun is the
same, a singular countable form plural noun by adding “-s, -es” suffix after
noun. It sometimes changes both form and even the meaning of root noun. This
is not easy problem for learners.
I, myself, sometimes get confused at the formation of the plural nouns. Thus, I
decided to choose “the formation of the plural noun in English and Vietnamese
equivalents” as the topic for my graduation paper to compare the similarities and
the differences between the ways of the formation of plural nouns and I hope that
the study will help English learners know about the formation of the plural nouns
in English and Vietnamese clearly and avoid making mistake when a singular
noun changes into plural noun effectively.
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2. Aims of the study
From the above illustrations, the study is aimed at:
- Introduction learners an insight into nouns (definitions, chracteristics and
types of noun)
- Giving the forming of the plural noun in English and Vietnamese equivalents
- Finding out problems made by Vietnamese learners when forming the plural
noun and some suggested solutions.
- Providing learners some futher exercises on the forming of the plural nouns
in order to help learners understand deeply.
3. Methods of the study
To conduct this graduation paper, I spent much time on reference books and on
the internet to select the valuable information relating to the theme “ the forming
of the plural nouns in English and Vietnamese equivalents”. Therefore, the
content of the study is collected from many opinions of the different
grammarians and various grammar books in English and Vietnamese. Of course,
this paper will not be persuasive without a system of theories and various
examples from reference books and on the internet.
That are the ways I study my graduation paper.
4. Scope of the study
Studying on the formation of the plural nouns in English and Vietnamese
equivalents, I find it is rather difficult but very interesting. It attracts me not only
the ways to form the plural nouns but also the right usage of the plural nouns.
Because of limited time, knowledge and experience it is difficult for me to cover
all about nouns, that is why my study only focuses on “the formation of the
plural nouns in English and Vietnamese equivalents”
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5. Design of the study
This paper is divided into three parts:
The first is introduction: point out the rationale, aims, methods, scope and design
of the study.
The second is development which consists of three chapters:
- The chapter one is theoretical background is given for the study.
- Chapter two focuses on the forming of the plural nouns in English and
Vietnamese equivalents.
- Chapter three is the problems made by Vietnamese learners when forming
the plural nouns and some suggested solutions are also given for learners
to eliminate and avoid the mistakes.
The last part is conclusion which summaries the whole study mentioned in the
previous parts.
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Part two: development
Chapter one: Theoretical background
1.1.Nouns in English
1.1.1. Definition of a noun
We consider some following examples:
We have got three children, two cats, and a dog. (1)
I prefer tea to coffee. (2)
(Martin,1999:100)
John became a businessman. (3)
(Quirk & Greenbaum,1973:74)
In the three examples above, the Italic words are called noun. So what is a noun?
There are many definitions about noun.
According to Logman Alexander (1988:34): “A noun tells us what someone
or something is called”. For instance: A noun can be the name of a person (John,
Peter); a noun can be the name of a thing (Radio, table, book); a noun can be the
name of a place (London); a noun can be the name of a quality (courage); Or the
name of an action (laughter/laughing).
“ Nouns are the names we give to people, things, place, etc.”
(Alexander, 1988:34)
There are another definition of a noun : “ A noun is a word used to refer to
people, animal, objects, substances, states, events and felling.”
(www.using English.com/glossary/Noun.html-17k-)


References
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Hall Regents.
2. Alexander L.G (1988). Logman English Grammar. London & New York
3. Ban, D.Q (1992). Ngu Phap Tieng Viet - Tap 2. NXB Giao Duc.
4. Chu, M.N, Nghieu,V.§ & Phien, H.T (1997). Co So Ngon Ngu Hoc va
Tieng Viet. NXB Giao Duc.
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6. Dien, T.V (1999). Practical English Grammar Course. NXB T.P Ho Chi
Minh.
7. Michael, M.F & Ellen, S (1997). English Vocabulary in Use. Cambridge
University Press.
8. Fitikides T.J. (2000). Common Mistakes in English. NXB Dong Nai.
9. Hewings, M (1999). Advanced grammar in use. Cambridge university press.
10. Khue, N (1999). Ngu Phap Tieng Anh. NXB Dong Nai.
11. Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S (1973). A University Grammar of English.
Australian Goverment.
12. Quirk, R & Leech,G (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of The English
Language. Logman Group Limited.
13. Phi, N.K, Chu, N.§ & Thuyet, N.M (2004). Ngu Van 6 - Tap 1. NXB Giao
Duc.
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14. Raims, A (1990). A Grammar Handbook With Readings. Martin’s Press
New York.
15. Thomson, A.J & Martinet, A.V (1998). A Practical of English Grammar.
NXB Da Nang.
16. Websites:
- http ://www.google.com.vn/research/.
- http ://www.Tieng Anh online.com/content/view.
- http ://www.using English.com/glossary/noun.html-17k.