Luận Văn A study on argumentative essay

Khóa luận tốt nghiệp
Đề tài: A study on argumentative essay


TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale of the study 1
2. Aim of the study 1
3. Scope of the study 1
4. Method of the study . 2
5. Design of the study 2
PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT
Chapter one. Theoretical background
1. Spoken and written English . 3
2. An overview of English writing . 4
2.1. Types of English writing 4
2.2. Essay writing . 4
2.2.1. Characteristics . 4
2.2.2. Classification 6
2.2.2.1. Description 6
2.2.2.2. Narration . 6
2.2.2.3. Exemplification 8
2.2.2.4. Definition 9
2.2.2.5. Process 11
2.2.2.6. Cause and effect . 12
2.2.2.7. Comparison and contrast 13
2.2.2.8. Problem and solution 14
2.2.2.9. Argumentation 16
2.2.2.10. An overview of an argumentative essay 16
2.2.2.11. Definition 16
2.2.2.12. Characteristics 16
Chapter two. An insight into an argumentative essay
1. Organization 17
1.1. Introduction . 17
1.2. Body 18
1.3. Conclusion 20
2. Requirements . 21
2.1. Prewriting 21
2.1.1. Choosing a topic 21
2.1.2. Taking a stand 21
2.1.3. Indentifying your audience 22
2.1.4. Evidential support 23
2.1.5. Dealing with the opposition . 24
2.2. Cohesion and coherence 24
2.3. Steps to write an argumentative essay 28
2.3.1. Analyzing the topic and task 28
2.3.1.1. Understanding the question 28
2.3.1.2. Brainstorming the ideas 28
2.3.2. Outlining 32
2.3.3. Writing . 34
2.3.4. Proofreading and checking 39
Chapter three. The common difficulties and mistakes in writing an
argumentative essay and some suggested solutions.
PART THREE. CONCLUSION
APPENDIX



Part one. INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale of the study
Today, in our everyday communication, there are many ways to express
ideas, viewpoints or feeling about people, things or issues that we conce rn and
writing is one of them. However, giving opinion by writing is different from
speaking because the writer must write the paper that a variety of people can
understand. Besides, writing also has many types in which each of them is used
for different purpose and in different situations. Academic writing is the one that
are required to do at college or university. In this study, the writer only focus on
argumentative writing essay, one kind of an academic writing to help people,
especially students, to understand the way how to give opinion by
argumentation.
Moreover, we all know that essay writing has many kinds and they do not
have the same audience, tone or purpose. This study concentrates on
distinguishing one from another and indicates the difficulties the students may
encounter while writing argumentative essay.
2. Aims of the study
The study is aimed at helping students in writing an argumentative essay and
supporting them to overcome the mistakes they may have.
First, it provides knowledge to distinguish argumentative essay from the
others.
Then it provides the organization and requirements in writing argumentation
to help student have both overall and specific understanding of writing essay
skills.
Finally, it gives some suggestions for students to actively find out their
mistakes in their writing paper and correct them immediately.
3. Scope of the study
This study is limited in scope to the way to write argumentative essay and
improve writing skill.
4. Methods of the study
- Observation
- Colleting data and materials on the internet and in the books
- Analysis and research.
5. Design of the study
The study is presented in three parts:
Part one is the introduction which includes the rationale, aims, scope, method
as well as the design of the study.
Part two includes 3 chapters.
 Chapter one presents the theoretical background of spoken and written
language, English essay writing and its types.
 Chapter two is an insight into an argumentative essay with its
organization and requirements.
 Chapter three indicates some difficulties and mistakes made when
writing argumentation as well as other kinds of essay.
Part three is the conclusion including the results and some limitations.



Part two: DEVELOPMENT
Chapter one: Theoretical background
1. Spoken and written English
First of all, before bearing the concepts of spoken and written English in mind, we
should understand, in general, what spoken and written languages are.
Spoken language and written language or more simply, speech and writing are
different modes for expressing linguistic meanings.
― Spoken language is a form of communication in which words derived from
a large vocabulary (usually at 10,000) together with a diverse variety of names
are uttered through or with the mouth. All words are made up from a limited set
of vowels and consonants. The spoken words they make are stringed into
syntactically organized sentences and phrases. The vocabulary and syntax
together with the speech sounds it uses define its identity as a particular natural
language.‖
―A written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing
system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children,
who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages.‖
―Speech and writing serve different specific functions and it may be
reasonable to suggest that the former is primarily concerned with the
interactional use (the establishment and maintenance of human relationships)
and the latter with the transactional use (the working out of and transference of
information).‖
(http://www.wikipedia.com)
Spoken language and written language are both language and both are
alternative outputs in the sense of alternative realizations of the meaning
potential of language.
All languages have different levels of informality and formality. The level of
formality depends on the audience, the purpose, and the situation. I n general,
academic written English is more formal than spoken English. First, as the