Contents Acknowledgements i Summary vii List of Symbols ix List of Tables xii List of Figures xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Quality of Service 1 1.2 Stochastic QoS . 3 iiContents iii 1.2.1 Deterministic QoS vs. Stochastic QoS . 3 1.2.2 Literature Survey on Stochastic QoS . 4 1.2.3 Problem Statement . 9 1.2.4 Overview of the Solution 10 1.3 Conformance Study for Networks with Service Level Agreements 11 1.3.1 Conformance Study 11 1.3.2 Problem Statement 12 1.3.3 Overview of the Solution . 12 1.4 Structure of this Thesis . 13 2 Stochastic QoS Bounds Under Deterministic Server 15 2.1 Introduction . 15 2.2 Brief Review of Deterministic Network Calculus . 16 2.3 Network Model . 22 2.3.1 Traffic Model 22 2.3.2 Server Model 29 2.4 Stochastic Bounds Under Deterministic Server 29 2.4.1 Single Node Case 29 2.4.2 Multi-Node Case 43 2.5 Summary 46Contents iv 3 Stochastic QoS Bounds Under Stochastic Server 48 3.1 Introduction . 48 3.2 Server Model 49 3.3 Single Node Case 50 3.4 Multi-Node Case 58 3.5 Discussion 59 3.6 Summary 62 4 Per-flow Stochastic QoS Bounds Under Aggregate Scheduling 64 4.1 Introduction . 64 4.2 Aggregate Scheduling with Deterministic Server . 65 4.3 Aggregate Scheduling with Stochastic Server . 77 4.4 Discussion 82 4.5 Summary 83 5 Conformance Study in Networks with Service Level Agreements 86 5.1 Introduction . 86 5.2 Related Work 89 5.3 Network Model . 90Contents v 5.4 Conformance Deterioration and Stochastic Burstiness Increase . 92 5.5 Property of Token Bucket Shaper . 94 5.6 Conformance Study of Per-Flow Scheduling Network 97 5.6.1 Single Node Case 97 5.6.2 Multi-node Case 99 5.7 Conformance Study of Aggregate Scheduling Network 100 5.7.1 Per-Flow in Single Node Case . 101 5.7.2 Per-Flow in Multi-Node Case . 107 5.7.3 Per-Aggregate Case . 110 5.8 Simulation Results . 112 5.8.1 Per-Flow Scheduling Network in Single Node Case 113 5.8.2 Aggregate Scheduling Network in Single Node Case . 117 5.8.3 Aggregate Scheduling Network in Multi-Node Case . 119 5.9 Summary 123 6 Conclusions and Further Research 126 6.1 Conclusions . 126 6.2 Contributions of this Thesis 128 6.2.1 A Calculus for Stochastic QoS Analysis [65] . 128Contents vi 6.2.2 Conformance Study [66] 129 6.3 Further Research 129 Bibliography 132 Appendices 143 A List of Theorems 144 B List of Publications 149